Science a Curse or a Blessing

We cannot Say for certain whether science is a curse or a blessing. it is our use of science which would make science a curse or a Blessing . First let us see how man has used science for his good so that it has become a blessing for him. it is science that has provided modern man the life of ease, leisure and pleasure. It has brought within reach of the common man comforts and luxuries which were available in the past only to a privileged few.Science has invented marvelous machines. It has discovered energies which run these machines. The machines have taken drudgery out of work. Distance has been conquered. Modern means of transport and communication have made the word shrink in size. Men and things and news and views can go around the globe today with lightning speed. Man has already landed on the moon and a man-made satellite has just completed it’s voyage through the solar system.Our life has become healthier and longer. Modern hygiene, sanitation, medicine and surgery ar e conquering more and more physical and mental ills day by day. We now know and experience the joys of good health and longevity. Through the cinema and the video, the TV and the tape-reorder, science has worked wonders in the spheres of education and entertainment.Though we welcome these blessing of science, we have to consider the darker side of the picture also. Machines have led to unemployment. They have polluted water and atmosphere. Thy have caused noise pollution. Factories have led to slums where human beings live in squalor. Our moral and spiritual progress has failed to keep pace with our scientific progress. We have allowed science to master us instead of using it as our servant.Machines make us mechanical, deaden our sensibilities, stifle our creative talents, force mechanical regularity, uniformity and boredom upon us, increase our wants and desires, and tend to make us selfish, greedy and cruel. Geographical distance has, no doubt, vanished, but the gulf between the m inds and hearts of man has widened.Machines have given man leisure, but man misuses it to get cheap and vulgar entertainment which destroys his physical and mental health. Again, science  has put in our hands such fiendish weapons as the nuclear bomb, the guided missile and means of chemical and biological warfare. We are in danger of destroying ourselves with these monstrous means which, ironically, are our own creations. Rightly used science can bring heaven on earth. Wrongly used, it can trun this earth in to hell by destroying civilization.

Seven Organizational Approaches Hca/220

Seven Organizational Approaches The seven organizational approaches consist of theses: 1. Body planes and body direction 2. Body cavities 3. Quadrants and regions 4. Anatomy and physiology 5. Microscopic to macroscopic 6. Body system 7. Medical specialties The body planes and body directions are used to study by dividing it with planes when in an anatomical position. Coronal plane or frontal plane is the vertical plane that divides the body front and back. The front of the body is the anterior or ventral. The back of the body is the posterior or the dorsal. Laying face down is the prone position.Lying on the back is dorsal supine. Sagittal plane is a vertical plane that dividends the body into right and left section. The body cavities consist of seven cavities. Cranial cavity is within the bony cranium. This contains the brain, cranial nerves, as well as other structures. Spinal cavity is the continuation of the cranial cavity, it travels sown the midline of the back. Spinal cavity i s within the bones of spinal column. This contains the spinal cord, spinal nerves. Thoracic cavity is within the chest surrounded by the breast bone (sternum) anteriorly, ribs, bones of the spinal column posteriorly.Thoracic cavity contains the lungs. Abdominal cavity is within the abdomen. Pelvic cavity is a continuation of the abdomen cavity. The pelvic cavity is surrounded by the pelvic (hip) bone. The abdominopelvic cavity contains organs of the gastrointestinal, reproductive, and urinary system. These internal organs in the abdominopelvic cavity are known as the viscera. You can study the human body by Quadrants and Regions. You have the four quadrants which include the left upper and left lower quadrants and the right upper and right lower quadrants.There are also nine regions which include the right and left hypochondriac regions, the epigastric region, the right and left lumbar regions, the umbilical region, the right and left inguinal or iliac regions, and hypogastric regio n. Anatomy and Physiology are way you can study the human body as well. Anatomy is the study of the structures of the human body. Physiology is the study of the functions of those structures. Microscopic to Macroscopic is a way the human body can be studied according to its smallest part and how they combine to make larger and more complex structures and systems.Body systems are another way the human body can be studied according to its various structures and how they function together as a whole. The following are a list of body systems: Gastrointestinal system, respiratory system, cardiovascular system, blood, lymphatic system, integumentary system, skeletal system, muscular system, nervous system, urinary system, male genital and reproductive system, female genital and reproductive system, endocrine system, eyes, ears, nose, and throat system. The human body can be studied according to the medical specialties that make up the practice of medicine.

An Evaluation on Target Corporation and Wal-Mart Stores

An in-depth comparison of two corporations: Target and Wal-Mart. This paper examines the large store discount general merchandise market through the comparison of Target Corporation and Wal-Mart Stores. The paper is packed with facts and statistic on the corporations investments, bank loans and markets. The papers author asks the question of which company is best to invest in and who is the better employer. This paper is written in outline format with a clear and direct method of presenting information. Table of Contents The Large-Store Discount General Merchandise Market Investment Decisions Lending Decisions Employer Overview Of Target Corporation and Wal-Mart Stores, Inc Investment Decisions Employment Appendix Bibliography Outline 1. The companies being analyzed are Target Corporation and Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. They are general merchandise retailers. They compete in the large-store general merchandise market, especially in the discount store segment and the US geographic market. 1.1. Target Corporations Store Brands in multiple formats are Target, Super Target, Mervyns, Marshall Fields, Target Direct and Target Visa. Target operates 1409 stores in 47 states in the United States and is currently the No.3 discount retailer in the US market. 1.2. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc has several Store Brands: Wal-Mart currently operates 2295 Wal-Mart Discount Stores; 1521 Supercenters; 564 Sams Clubs and 34 Neighbourhood Markets in 9 countries outside the US Argentina; Brazil; Canada; China; Germany; South Korea; Mexico; Puerto Rico; United Kingdom. Wal-Mart is today the worlds largest retailer (and company measured by revenue) and occupies the No.1 position in the US General Merchandise Retail Market.

Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 13

Question - Essay Example The event in which U.S. destroyer Maddox (conducting electronic espionage nearby) was fired on by North Vietnamese torpedo boats was just a good opportunity and reason on which United State could boldly declare war in the name of retaliation. Reports indicates that during the spring of 1964, military planners had developed a detailed design for major attacks on the North, but at that time President Lyndon B. Johnson and his advisers feared that the public would not support an expansion of the war (Dare 54-8). This explains two critical aspects of the war. First is that United States had prior plans to attack North Vietnam. The fear of President Nixon over possible public opposition indicates that significant taxpayers’ money had been spent on the war without any economic gain. These are clear evidence that United States had prior arrangement to strike North Vietnam under the shadow of supporting South Vietnam. Their actual challenge was whether the public would approve the military action and the undefined reaction of the international

Project management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Project management - Case Study Example The three entities of ABC Canada will now share financial, human resources, and sales management elements. There is a fundamental problem of the current systems as they cannot integrate and share information with each other. According to Jean Roberge, the vice president of IT at ABS Canada, the required system should be able to integrate the management system for the development of the entire organisation. The adoption of the new system presents various management issues that include the technological changes making some of the current approaches become obsolete. There is an imminent change in the direction of IT management at the company following the implementation of the proposed system. This will change the roles performed by Roberge, hence he needs to find someone who can assist in performing the various activities arising after adopting the new system. The process of getting an assistant to Roberge is a fundamental challenge that is threatening the implementation of the proposed system Understanding the situation remains essential towards gaining insight and consequently getting the solution to the problem facing the organisation. It is essential to make a consideration of the organisational capabilities regarding information technology in seeking to ascertain the possible solutions to the problem identified. Roberge should conduct an Emerging Issues Analysis in seeking to understand the concerns which might arise in future and develop a strategic plan for the future (Kloppenborg, 2014). This would involve brainstorming with fellow employees whom he feels can provide support in finding solutions to the problem. Since technological change remains inevitable, there is need for Roberge to conduct training of fellow employees through the consultants who have been involved in making the proposals. This will enhance the knowledge of

Virgin Atlantic Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Virgin Atlantic - Case Study Example They use a mixed Boeing and Airbus fleet, operating between Australia, Asia, the Caribbean, Middle East, Africa, North America, and the UK from bases at Heathrow and Gatwick airports. Virgin Atlantic also operates domestic flights in the UK from March 2013. Virgin Atlantic had 5.3 million passengers in 2011, which makes it the 8th largest airline in the UK. Political influences Tax policies have influenced the airline heavily over the years. Because of its globalization strategy, the different tax policies used by different countries have had an effect on costs. Increased environmental demands by environmentalists have forced Virgin Atlantic to reduce cargo weight and aircraft weight to reduce pollution. This has made Virgin Atlantic research into bio-fuels. Employment laws have also been tightened following cabin crew strikes. In addition, terrorist threats have made Virgin Atlantic take out insurance policies for their crew. Economic factors There is an increasing trend where major ity of countries are seeing decreasing GDP because high unemployment levels and high living standards. This has seen decreasing numbers of clients for Virgin Atlantic. The recent recession has also affected consumer frequency and forced Virgin Atlantic to reduce flights. High exchange rates have also affected Virgin Atlantic due to increased oil prices, resulting in increased airfare. Finally, the increase of interest rates because of slow economic growth, which has seen Virgin Airlines increase airfare because of increased payments on overdrafts and loans. Social factors Various countries practice different religions, and this has made Virgin Atlantic take their staff for training to handle different clients with differing religious beliefs. With different age groups of consumers, Virgin Airlines has installed entertainment for children going on holiday, for instance. Virgin Atlantic, because of its globalization strategy, has also had to train its staff in different languages beca use of the global nature of its clients. Finally, Virgin Atlantic has undertaken various social responsibilities like slum upgrading in Kenya and home sanctuaries for white rhinos and other endangered species. Technological factors These factors influence the lowering of entry barriers for new services and reduction of minimum efficient production. Some include R&D, for example, because of the increased air pollution, Virgin Atlantic undertaken research on the bio-fuel use. In addition, they have also introduced office equipment with internet facilities to cater for business travelers. Technology has also enabled them to communicate with clients, for example, for booking of flights. 2. At Corporate Level there are alternative strategic options for growth that an organisation can take in terms of choices about products or markets. The Ansoff Matrix can be used to identify various strategies that could be adopted by an organisation to pursue growth. Using the Ansoff Matrix, and making reference to examples, evaluate the various strategies that Virgin Atlantic could consider in order to pursue growth to develop their competitive position. Of the four market/product strategies that Ansoff identified, the strategies that Virgin Atlantic is implementing are market expansion or penetration and development of products. These specific strategies come with low risk levels and medium levels of risk for Virgin Atlantic as; indeed, it does for all other companies. The evidence for the strategy of market

Generational contrast & comparison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Generational contrast & comparison - Essay Example Two consecutive generations, known as the Baby Boomers and Generation X, clearly fit this model. They are well defined by society, culture, economics, and history. Society retains the qualities of one generation to the next as traditions and social norms are passed from parent to child, but there are also new and striking differences. In the case of the Baby Boomers and generation X, the differences are fueled by history, socialization, and the exposure to a rapidly changing world. This research will be conducted to determine where the differences are between the Baby Boomer generation and the age group known as generation X. More importantly, it will critically assess why there is a difference and evaluate the forces that created their different values and social interactions. The research is an important method to gain a deeper insight into our society and its mechanisms of enculturation. In addition, it has a commercial value to marketing departments, product developers, managers, or political campaigns who wish to exploit the underlying differences between generations. Understanding how different age groups interact with each other is critical to developing modern management strategies. It is interesting to note that this research is being conducted during a national political campaign where the three major candidates are from different generations. John McCain was born during the depression and Hillary Clinton is a Baby Boomer. Though Barak Obama technica lly fits into the Baby Boomer demographic, he was born in 1961 and as such exhibits many of the traits and characteristics associated with Generation X. They are an ideal group that can be used for comparisons and contrasting viewpoints on public policy. There is no one firm definition for either a Baby Boomer or a member of Generation X and birth dates and ages vary by as much as seven years (Wallace, 2006, p.150). Almost all the previous research agrees that the first Baby Boomer was born in 1946. However, generations do not fit neat and tidy boundaries and there is some variance as to when one ends and the other begins. For the purposes of this study, a Baby Boomer is anyone born between January 1, 1946 and December 31, 1964 (Smith, 2005, p.440). A member of Generation X has a birth date of January 1, 1965 and December 31, 1980 (Smith, 2005, p.440). This places the age of a Baby Boomer at approximately 44 to 62 years old, while a member of Generation X is approximately 28 to 43 years of age. In addition, the age of the generation at the time that the previous research was conducted becomes important. Age and maturity also influences people as well as their identification with a generation. The research will be conducted through the analysis of previous research and studies on this topic. It will be organized as follows: 1.0 Introduction 2.0 Scope and Purpose 3.0 Literature Review 4.0 Discussion 5.0 Recommendations and Conclusion 3.0 Literature Review Both the Baby Boom generation and Generation X have been extensively described and characterized in the popular media. For the sake of marketing and sales, advertisers have sought to drawn clear distinctions between the groups. Schaie (2007) states that, "Baby boomers are hedonistic; they are self-centered; they are spendthrifts; they are altruistic; they strive to self-actualize" (p.131). These characterizations are

Race and the White American Community Term Paper

Race and the White American Community - Term Paper Example One factor that is common amongst all people in my community is that we have all immigrated to America three, four or five generations ago. We have been struggling over the generations in order to decide whether we want to adopt the identity of a pure American or at least remain, in part, associated with our background. There are few people amongst our community that is reluctant to break ties with their original homeland and thus, introduce themselves to the society as Italian Americans, French Americans or Scottish Americans. In my own family, we prefer to be called Americans, although we are originally Dutch. A vast majority of White Americans like me choose to be called Americans because this is what we are today. My ancestors were Dutch, but I am as American as anybody with the ancestors residing in this place for centuries is. In an attempt to adjust in this society, my ancestors have been working quite hard trying to dismantle their original identity, and I want to take their efforts to a further level. From the very moment my ancestors entered America, they were strongly urged by the society to forget their past, their original language and also make sure that we don’t get to learn or speak that. ...   Many people in my community are xenophobic, and they have the most unusual and strangest reason for being xenophobic than anyone can imagine. Conventionally, people develop xenophobia because they fear that the immigrants would consume the job and other opportunities that would otherwise have been available to them, but in this case, people of my community are xenophobic because they think that in-pour of the immigrants into the US from all parts of the world would suppress white Americans as a community. White Americans have conventionally maintained an edge over other races in America because of the white American majority. Whenever we talk about minority, we generally mean the people of color. However, with the rapid increase in the number of immigrants, multiculturalism is heavily cultivating in America and people of my community fear that one day, the population of the people of color would be so much that it would be sufficient to outnumber the white Americans as a majority . Thus, people of my community are xenophobic because they see themselves as a minority in the near future (Blake, 2011). This is the fundamental reason why many amongst them want to make racism a norm because they see the display of racism as a way out of the problem. I am anti-racist. I am a white American but my thoughts are way different from those of the majority of people in my community. When I tend to study the cultural experiences of people belonging to other races, I find that they are quite inconsistent with the way we suppose a democratic nation to be.  

Management, People and Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Management, People and Organization - Essay Example Given below is a list of few of the objective of an organization: Human behavior in organizations is as complex as the social system itself. People differ from each other in their needs and values, which can be understood better with the help of behavioral science. Behavioral science considers the influence of various social, economic and technical elements of the complex external environment on people's behavior. It improves people's understanding of interpersonal skills and so also their ability to work together as a team to achieve organizational goals effectively. Organizations comprise of human beings who are highly complex and unpredictable in nature. The management of organizations is therefore a challenging task. Increasing diversity, knowledge and information explosion, strategic partnership, global competition and emphasis on total quality management are the other challenges confronting managers in the modern times ((ICMR)). To meet these challenges, managers require cooperation from individual employees and their work groups who often resist change. So, for an effective management of organizations, an in-depth study of the behavior of individuals within workgroups, including an analysis of the nature of workgroups is required. One such study is "organizational behavior." Human relations, in a very gene... It deals with the interaction of people in work situation that helps to generate team spirit. Though human relationships have existed since time immemorial, the branch of knowledge dealing with them is relatively recent. Prior to the industrial revolution, people worked in small groups and had simple work relationships. They were, however, subjected to unhealthy working conditions and scarcity of resources, so they hardly had any job satisfaction. During the early stages of the industrial revolution, the conditions of workers showed no signs of improvement. But as increased industrial activity led to greater supply of goods, wages, working conditions, and level of job satisfaction gradually improved. Until the early 1900s, workers were made to work in inhuman conditions. The importance of human element in organization was first realized by Fredrick W. Taylor. Taylor is also known as "the father of scientific management" and his contributions to the field of management were useful for the later development of the field of organizational behavior. His studies helped improve the working conditions of industrial workers and were instrumental in enhancing the productivity of the organization. He propounded sound management practices by stressing on division of labor and scientific selection, placement and training of workers. Taylor was also instrumental in introducing the differential piece rate system in organizations. According to Taylor, specific scientific methods could help people perform their jobs effectively and efficiently. Taylor emphasized technical efficiency and mass production in organizations. However, certain aspects of interpersonal and social behavior that included

The balanced scorecard Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7250 words

The balanced scorecard - Dissertation Example Research Methodology 16 Qualitative Research 16 Data Collection 17 Research Limitations 17 Research Findings- Empirical Evidence 17 Conclusion 30 Reference 33 Bibliography 36 Introduction 3 Literature Review 5 Overview of the Balanced Scorecard 5 Development of the Balanced Scorecard 8 Benefits of using the BSC 11 Balanced Scorecard Implementation in large enterprises and SMEs 12 Criticisms of the Balanced Scorecard Methodology- challenges of implementing the Balanced Scorecard 14 Research Methodology 16 Qualitative Research 16 Data Collection 17 Research Limitations 17 Research Findings- Empirical Evidence 17 Conclusion 30 Reference 33 Bibliography 36 Introduction Emerged as the most commonly used strategic performance management tool supported by proven automation tools and design methods, the balanced scorecard is extensively used by managers in organizations today for keeping track of activities undertaken by staffs and monitor and control the consequences resulting from these activities. Today’s organizations are amidst a revolutionary transformation in the business environment which is gradually transforming itself from industrially competitive structure into an information competitive one. Arising out of this cut throat competition organizations have been increasingly looking at improving their businesses further and thus the importance of initiatives like just-in-time system, total quality management systems, Re-engineering, employee empowerment etc have gained prominence. Even though such initiatives were successful in bringing about improvement in shareholders’ value, their disjointed structure primarily looked at short term growth and performance. The demand for creating long range competitive capabilities and improving the model of the historical cost financial accounting triggered the creation of the Balanced Scorecard. Widely used in industries and businesses the scorecard acts as a strategic management and planning system used the government and non profit organizations with the aim to align business activities of the organization with its strategic vision and mission, improve its internal and external communications and finally to monitor performance of the organization against strategic objectives. Originated by Dr. Robert Kaplan and David Norton this performance management frame successfully adds the no financial performance measures with the financial metrics and allows managers to have a comprehensive and balanced view of the organization performance. Kaplan (1994) has particularly used the example of Rockwater Company for explaining the developmental process of the balanced scorecard for ensuring that companies are able to realise their goals and objectives. Industries such baking and insurance have been particularly benefitted through the implementation of the process. Kaplan has explained the management structure of connecting the business units’ strategies with the entire interest of the company. Martinson (1999) has also made use of the case study method for exploring the impact on a corporate information system operation department through the adoption and implementation of the balanced scorecard in four different perspectives such as user orientation, corporate value, internal process and future preparation for the measurement and evaluation of the performance of information systems. The results have clearly shown that balanced scorecard can be effective in serving as a successful measurement system in a strategic information system (Chi & Hung, 2011, p.226). On the other hand Chia and Hoon (2000) has tried to study the procedures for the promotion of the balanced scorecard and the criteria establishment process in two of the largest merchandise circulation firms based in Singapore. The results have shown that the promotion of the system has been particularly effective in clarifying the vision of these companies and in the preparation of the strategy to be practiced. Numerous other empirical evidences have shown positive results with the implementation and use of balanced scorecard in organizations. The project brings forth an analysis of the effectiveness of the balance

Both Spirited Away and Pan(TM)s Labyrinth Essay Example for Free

Both Spirited Away and Pan(TM)s Labyrinth Essay Both Spirited Away and Pans Labyrinth represent the traditional family unit as an important part of a childs life. How do the two films convey these messages to the audience? Hayao Miyazakis Spirited Away (2001, Japan) and Guillermo Del Toros Pans Labyrinth (2006, Spain) are both feature length films which delve into the journey of a young female character experiencing their own personal journeys to achieve different goals. This is achieved by the aid of supporting characters who take on the roles of those in a traditional family. This may include a mother, father, siblings and others. The traditional family unit in Spirited Away is absolutely essential to the development of the piece. Chihiro, the main protagonist, throughout the film is on a journey to maturity. At the start, she is represented as a very naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve and insignificant person. For example, towards the start of the film we see a low-angle shot from behind Chihiro, looking up at the bathhouse. Just this camera shot already suggests to the audience that the director is portraying her in a stereotypically childlike light; she is wandering into the unknown with a complete lack of self-awareness. In contrast, towards the end of the film, we see Chihiro reach a new level of maturity. If we look at how she reacts to her parents driving her away from her home, friends, and everything that she had become accustomed to; she complains about it, and generally acts childish in her actions, for example when we see her father point out her new school, at which point she sneers and pokes her tongue out at it t hrough the car window. We can compare this directly to when Chihiro journeys, by train, to return a gold seal to Zeniba. The decision to go was completely self-motivated, brought about solely by her own feelings of responsibility. This in itself conveys messages of maturity. Although we have almost exactly the same situation as at the start of the film in the car (she is travelling to an alien destination), this time she has an awareness of where she is going, and has chosen to take the journey herself. This path of maturity becomes an imperative aspect to acknowledge when looking at the supporting characters and their significance. During the film, her parents are taken away from Chihiro, and she is left alone. However, this triggers a traditional family unit to form around her. From my observations, these surrogate family members include Lin, taking on the big sister role, Yubaba, taking the role of a grandmother and Kamaji assuming the father/grandfather/uncle figure. The character of Haku whose relationship with Chihiro is possibly one of the most significant, is also the most debatable and perhaps the hardest to define as part of a family unit. Looking at the character of Lin, her influence on Chihiros development is more than apparent. From the moment that Chihiro becomes employed in the bathhouse, her contact with Lin is very much of a sisterly nature; they share the same daily routine, eat together, sleep together,live together. Being the younger of the two, she would naturally default to mimicking her in everything she does, exactly as a stereotypical older/younger sister relationship would operate, especially concerning their work in the bathhouse. We see this when Chihiro notices how Lin uses the bath tags in a certain manor to receive water from the boiler, and then later when she takes on the task of cleaning the stink spirit, she remembers this and makes use of it several times in order to finish the job at hand. This shows advancement in Chihiros independence and ability to adapt to the situation given in the workplace, and these skills are learned directly from Lin. Again, this is undeniable evidence suggesting t he importance of a sister figures contribution to the traditional family unit. In the absence of her real mother, Yubaba as the only mature female character in the piece, becomes the obvious choice of surrogate mother/grandmother for Chihiro. The first introduction of Yubaba as a mother/grandmother figure is her naming/re-naming of Chihiro to Sen, like a mother christening her child. The importance of this act is that giving Chihiro a new name in this workplace, which only an adult experiences, is a disciplinary act, giving her a completely different identity, almost forcing Chihiro to become someone else. As in every traditional family, if children are spoilt, they never mature, but if they are disciplined along the way by their mother, they learn respect, appreciation and other such skills. This is another vital step for Chihiro to take on her path to growing up, induced entirely by Yubaba. However we also have the part of Zeniba, who takes on a similar role to Yubaba but in a more affectionate and understanding way. In a stereotypical parental unit there wil l always be the affectionate side and the disciplinary side in order to ensure a childs good upbringing. Kamajii, the boiler man, is conveyed to us as the audience in such a way that we immediately recognise him as very experienced, kindly and possibly wise. Although he is a rather removed character in the film, only appearing infrequently, he is only ever welcoming in nature, helping Chihiro at any obstacle that should arise, but at the same time diligently carrying out his work. We see this when he is grinding all sorts of different herbs and spices on his pedestal, but voluntarily he pretends that Chihiro is his granddaughter and requests that Lin takes her to see Yubaba for work. All of these are the traits of a father, however, due to his absence in the film as a whole, he is more like a grandfather, and actually refers to Chihiro as his granddaughter near the beginning of the film. We see this when Chihiro is desperately trying to find a way to get to Zenibas place, and Kamajii offers her his only train ticket there. Again, although a seemingly small contribution, everybody needs a bit of stability and support, much like Chihiro did here, and this is exactly what Kamajiis fatherly character offers. Haku, being one of the first characters which Chihiro meets within the film, immediately becomes important to her; a lost child in real life would latch on to the nearest compassionate figure, and when Haku finds Chihiro, this is precisely what happens. More than that; however, particularly in such unfamiliar surroundings, this boy being the first person that she meets and him even rescuing her from death, forms a unique relationship between the two, which lasts throughout the film. It is because of this that Chihiro possibly cares about him more than any other character in the film, and certainly, Haku cares for her more than any other character. We see this several times, for example when Chihiro notices Haku, as a dragon, flying into a window of the bath house, in a bloody state. Chihiro is desperate to try and help Haku, and chases him up to Yubabas room to do this. The significance of this, is that due to these romantic or otherwise feelings, Chihiro was shown by Haku how to care for someone at the start of the film, and in the example given, she mirrors Haku in this, giving direct evidence to suggest that Haku, interpreted as a family figure or not, is still a massive influence in Chihiros personal development. So the ideology of this film seems to, certainly, be that a strong family unit is absolutely vital for the development of a child. In Pans Labyrinth, our central character is the young Ofelia, and we are straight away shown a typical parent-child situation with her mother Carmen in the backseat of a car; Carmen is telling Ofelia that she is too old for books and fairy tales. We can suggest that probably the most prominent development in Ofelias character, throughout the film, is how she becomes notably more courageous, in a rebellious manner. This is not necessarily to say that Ofelia doesnt demonstrate courage and self-determination towards the beginning of the film, for example, she independently wanders off into the labyrinth to find Pan the faun quite early on the piece. However, if we particularly observe her actions towards the Captain, her step-father, as the piece progresses, Ofelia, without doubt, feels more confident to rebel against him with more audacity, and greater consequence. For example, Ofelia seemingly unintentionally offers the Captain her left hand at the start of the film, a comparatively m inor act of disrespect, but nearing the end, she even has enough daring to go so far as to steal her baby brother from his room. There is plenty of evidence to suggest that the main heroine in the film develops due to supporting characters taking on family orientated roles, much in the same way as in Spirited Away. What does differ though is that Ofelia actually has her real mother for the majority of the piece although her presence fades throughout the film, she is still present. This distinction is vital to acknowledge as a mother figure, for a young girl, will probably the most influential person in the shaping of their own character. Her mother aside, our traditional family unit members include Mercedes, as a big sister/mother role and Pan, as the only possible fatherly figure the piece. Much like in Spirited Away, where Yubaba is instantly recognised as an evident adult figure, due to her being introduced in the workplace and her business-like nature, we can also instantly identify Carmen as an adult because she is portrayed as a mother above all else in the film, being in her pregnant state. In terms of Carmens impact on Ofelia, the main citation to be made is how Carmen shows devotion to her children, which Ofelia learns, and employs later in the film. For example, we see how Carmen marries a man, who she debatably doesnt even love, in order to bring a safe environment to her children, showing a great deal of affection to her children. Even though all logic would lead Ofelia to care very little about her brother, (he is the cause of her mothers death and Captain Vidals son) she ends up giving her life for him at the end of the film, almost mirroring her mothers actions, proving to the audience that Ofelia has gained skills from her mother, conveying messages of massive importance upon the part of a motherly figure in a traditional family unit, relating directly back to the question. The character of Mercedes is without question, the most appropriate person to take on a sisterly role for Ofelia. We can quite easily make the connotation that, due to Mercedes and Ofelias almost identical circumstances (they are both at the mercy of the captain), Mercedes can simply be described as an older version of Ofelia. Furthermore, both of these characters close relations come to harm at the hands of the captain. We see this when the captain instructs the doctor that, if the baby can be saved, then Carmens welfare is negligible. Also Mercedes comrade, one of the Guerrilla rebels, is eventually tortured by the captain and killed. Ofelia in fact looks to Mercedes as more of a role model after her mother dies, and possibly identifies her as a secondary/replacement mother figure. Much like in Spirited Away, Ofelias loss of parentage leaves her with no choice but to latch on to the nearest affectionate character, here being Mercedes. So overall, Mercedes greatest contribution to Ofelias development is that of displaying courage, particularly in rebelling against Captain Vidal, which Ofelia learns from and mimics, much like a younger sister would do. We see this quite clearly when Mercedes seeks out Ofelia and tries to escape with her near the end of the film. After Carmens death, Mercedes is Ofelias new role model, Ofelia goes on to steal the baby from the captain, a courageous, and rebellious, skill learnt directly from Mercedes, the evident sister figure in the piece. Pan, the faun, is a very interesting character in terms of analysis. It is he who actually opens up this supernatural world to Ofelia, which is what makes him interesting, because he could be interpreted as a character which does not develop Ofelia, but actually completely the opposite, simply due to the fact that he widens this supernatural world, which Ofelia creates through her childlike imagination. This can be seen by the way that he sets out a task for Ofelia in order to become Princess Moanna of the underworld, and stay a child forever. Conversely, Pan, being a seemingly authoritative figure in this strange world, actually makes rules within this world i.e. he tells Ofelia that these various tasks must be completed in a certain fashion e.g. he instructs her not to touch the fruit in the second task. Be this imaginary or not, this makes him become an embodiment of discipline for Ofelia, taking on the role of a replacement father. This is very similar again, to Yubabas role in S pirited Away. Laying out rules for Ofelia in each of the tasks that he sets her, forces her to independently mature and stick to the rules, very unlike the actions of a child, clearly benefiting her. Because nobody seems to step in and take the role of Ofelias father, it is rather convenient that it is Pan who induces Ofelia to rebel against the Captain, steal the baby, and for the final goal to re-unite Ofelia with her real father. This is so significant in the sense that, this is very likely exactly what a stereotypical father would do if one were still present. Relating back to the question, if we remember that the only missing member of Ofelias family unit is a father, Pan could well be Ofelias attempt at completing this broken family unit through her imagination. If we then look at what this suggests about the ideology of Pans Labyrinth, it seems to me that it could suggest the same as Spirited Away but also, when taken out of the comfort zone of a strong family unit, it can actually force a child to mature in a greater way than with one. Through close analysis of both films, it has become clear that children crave the stability that the traditional family unit provides. They also thrive in it. Both central female characters in each film, undoubtedly piece together some kind of family in whatever way they can, in the absence of their actual family members. However it has also become apparent that people around characters who lack stability, are without question, drawn to filling those roles. When looking at the evidence given for each character explored in the two products, it would be a huge understatement to say that each member of the traditional family unit doesnt have a massive impact on the central protagonist. The two films convey the messages of family importance in such a way that without the supporting family characters whose roles are taken on within each piece, the actions and development of both Ofelia and Chihiro in their respective films would both be completely different without the presence of these characters.

Biochip technology Essay Example for Free

Biochip technology Essay The term global village is one popularized by Canadian communications theorist Marshall McLuhan to refer to the ability of electronic communications technologies to collapse notions of geography and disrupt the conventional wisdom by which society appraises time-space relations. At the heart of the concept of the global village is the idea that because electronic communications technology are exponentially increasing their ability to abnegate space and time limitations, they enable individuals, societies and institutions to operate on a larger scale than before – phone calls can be made across greater distances at reduced costs, e-mails allow instantaneous transmission of readable content and cellular technology increases the mobility of telephony. Whereas the domain we used to operate on was on the village-scale, it is now global: a global village. McLuhan effectively celebrated the development of the global village because he believed that it would expand our social consciousness. Not necessarily make us more socially conscious, but at the very least increase the scale by which we already think. Where we used to think primarily in terms of local affairs and developments that are mostly proximate to our surroundings, the ability to transmit developments instantaneously means that citizens can now think on an enlarged scale. More enthusiastic neo-McLuhanists maintain that the global village will eradicate all barriers to cultures, nations and political institutions. However, there is some concern that this is not entirely a good thing. For example, some have worried that expanding the individual consciousness to meet the scale of the global village comes at a cost. In effect, by thinking on the global scale, individuals may find themselves effectively disengaged from local concerns and proximate issues and at the very worse actively following developments in communities they have no power to affect, and disengaged from local developments that they could realistically make a difference in. Castells (1997) contends, however, that the globalizing effects of Internet and other similar networking technologies will not necessarily eradicate political boundaries. Rather the side effect of the Information Age is that many of the things that have come to define the nation state will be effectively downsized. Sovereignty will no longer figure in the absolute sense that we have understood it before, but rather, nation-states will exist solely due to the network of alliances, commitments, responsibilities and subordinations that are more than just existent for the benefit of the state, but are necessary to its existence, and this becomes possible due to the ability to instantiate relationships through networking technologies. It is this component of Castell’s understanding of globalizing effects which hold some consonance with the views of Ulrich Beck. Beck maintains that much of the failure to really take measure of the effects of globalization is derived from a limited understanding of it. Beck contends that globalization is not something that is limited to economic relationships and complex trade relations, but something that occurs in the most internalized sense, such as the ways by which we navigate culture and social relationships in an expanded transnational view that is the result of a national sense sublimated by globalizing technologies, cultural exchanges and international relationships. However, because of the co-dependencies brought upon by the transition into Castell’s â€Å"network state,† there is a risk that globalization will erode what sovereignty and democracy there is in the weaker nation-states. In other words, rather than acting as a force for solidarity, globalization could erode democratic controls and constitute a political and economic injustice to the nation-state. This is possible when a nation-state is unable to negotiate for the betterment of its community (whether through incompetence and corruption from the weaker country, or exploitation and deception from the stronger one. ) Globalization cannot end democracy per se, but it risks compromising it to the point of rendering it ineffective. REFERENCES Castells, M 1997, The End of the Millennium, The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture Vol. 3. Blackwell, Cambridge, Massachussetts. Beck, U 2000, What is Globalization? Polity Press, Cambridge. McLuhan, M 1986, The Global Village, Oxford University Press: New York.

Youth Cultures Able To Incite Moral Panics Media Essay

Youth Cultures Able To Incite Moral Panics Media Essay So what the media produces is what the public wants to here. The intensification of the medias articles on subjects are ready-made and they have usually an emotional and far reaching opinion about what should be done. Again Cohen says these are (Cohen, 1980: p 199) the moral barricades are manned by editors, bishops, politicians and other right-thinking people; socially accredited experts pronounce their diagnoses and solutions Really what we mean is that if there is a potential to threaten social order then currently Youth Culture is probably the number one culprit. Looking into the Mods and Rockers era of the 1960s the media was criticised for over-reacting. Reporting huge clashes with young out of control teenagers who were only there for one thing and that was to fight and cause as much chaos and havoc on the beaches of many resorts throughout the UK. Eamonn Walsh (2009) I predict a riot: Panorama on Mods and Rockers [Online Image] Available at http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/panorama/2009/05/i_predict_a_riot_panorama_on_m.html ( Accessed 10 November 2010) In fact many of them liked to have a day out in their particular youth culture. What the public saw as a riot was seen by the Mods and Rockers as having a good time. Moral Panic therefore can be seen as a perception it can define certain criteria and characteristics of modern day social problems. These problems emerge from time to time and can be directed by the media into their judgement on what the answer or remedy should be. In fact this can increase in intensity and ceased upon by so called specialists or experts, that will maintain that particular theme of contemporary youth culture at the time and make it into a frenzy. So it is easy to see that Moral Panics are reactions to perceived threats. So how can I liken an event in the same way in these days. Since the election the Conservative and Liberal parties have shown their own government figures that (D. Martin August 2010) more than 100,000 young people are living on benefit. What the government are saying is that up to 75% of claimants are able to work and are not sick at all. They can use the figures to blame the outgoing government and create a modern incitement into the current youth, this in turn invokes a moral panic. One M.P was even quoted as saying (Mr Grayling M.P) These figures are a sad indictment. and I am shocked at the challenge we now face. The public are now seeing that many young people are living of benefits that they are paying from their taxes. This clearly can show some intense responses gathering momentum to hysterical effects. This is in many ways is an exaggerated perception that the Coalition wish to cover as a social issue and need the public reaction to be expressed in outrage. But at the same time giving the impression that they are best suited to be able to overcome this fear and do something about it and get young people back into the working environment. Moving on to a slightly different tack, but still using the same route mentioned above in young people and contemporary youth culture. We can look at young unemployed girls who deliberately get themselves pregnant. This is seen as a social issue that has caused moral panic in the media by what is reported as thousands of young girls staying single getting pregnant and then asking the local authority to house them taking them out of the labour market. As they dont work they also live on state benefits jump the housing cue and have been given the designation of deliberately getting pregnant to get all handouts This ran for a long time in the late 90s and still comes back into the media as a moral threat to society. This sensationalism I suspect has now bought an urgency into the coalition government where they will stop this freeloading and will deal with part of Youth Culture which will see them in a light of dealing with the situation in what will be seen as a popular and welcome mov e. A similarity with current trends with Cohens study of the Mods and Rockers is young people going around in hoodies. If a crowd appear, the moral panic appears to be that if you wear a hoodie you will be part of a gang on the rampage or maybe even involved gun crime or knives. In an article from Workers Liberty dated 5th June 2005 one of the largest retail parks in the Country Bluewater, in Kent decided to ban the wearing of hoodies in their shopping centre. The reason given was that groups of people, young males in particular wearing hoodies might cause customers to find them threatening and stay away from their retail park. I personally think that the moral panic here worked in Bluewaters favour. It sent an immediate message to all customers, dont go anywhere your hoodie-infested local shops and come to our safe environment. Apart from stereotyping the youth, there were many retail clothing outlets that actually stocked hoodies and in fact promoted the purchase of them because they knew that young people walking around Bluewater would buy them. They came in their thousands! Interestingly it could be that such topics involved in Moral Panics have existed for some time. Then suddenly along comes an incident that can start the concept. In fact on most occasions this comes and goes and is soon forgotten ready for the next occasion. One of the occasions that has had very deep and lasting obsession to do with Youth Culture was the Leah Betts episode. This involved drugs abuse in youths and was and still is a relevant contemporary part of youth culture. Another study which had a lot to do with young people taking drugs was written by Jock Young. This was a study into youths smoking cannabis. This time of behaviour was soon latched onto and vehemently condemned. In her book Postmodern and Popular Culture McRobbie says of Young (McRobbie, 1994 p.204) Young, increased the likelihood for further deviance. Young, argued that the media can contribute to social problems. With that said looking at the Leah Betts case, It was one of the biggest media episodes in histor y. The drugs abuse circus was in full swing and although it keeps appearing now and again, Leah Betts bought it right into the front line. A classic Moral Panic headline was given by the Independent on Sunday on January 21st 1996. Ecstasy is the equivalent of slaughtering babies This made compelling headlines and allowed the paper to sell many additional copies. The emotional lines of a few simple words was in fact not strictly true. Leah Betts death it was officially stated died from drowning because of the excess water intake she had from taking the Ecstasy Pill. The whole feeding circus would not let go and her parents made many sacrifices in trying to pursued the general public that ecstasy was the number one danger to youth in this day and age. Even to the point of showing Leah unconscious on the ward of her hospital. So a Contemporary Youth Culture such as Drug Taking is looked at in terms in society, of perhaps unable to take accountability of its own failures. Just before leaving the Leah Betts story, An unfortunate internal memo from the Glasgow Social Services Director in 1996 was leaked, where the Director had said Ecstasy is a relatively safe Drug So was this director being sensible and was her memo taken out of context. She likened E as nothing like as dangerous as drink and tobacco, for instance, and three times more people die of paracetemol, while thousands more young people die driving their first car. Some people even warned her Public people cannot speak honestly about drugs and hope to live! In conclusion I will use a quote from Cohen as to why Moral Panics in Contemporary Youth Cultures will continue to flourish and will not go away. (Cohen, 1987. P 204) More Moral Panics will be generated and other, as yet nameless, folk devils will be created. This is not because such developments have an inexorable inner logic, but because our society as present structured will continue to generate problems for some its members The examples I have given outline contemporary youth cultures in different aspects and undoubtedly are still being able to incite moral panic and will continue in the foreseeable future. Perhaps if the media were unable to do this how would they provide a popular point of view for people to support or indeed worry about that it could affect them.

Sams :: essays research papers fc

Ancient Egyptian Burial A profound belief in life after death is why burials in ancient Egypt are so elaborate. There was two different ways to artificially preserve bodies. When the Ancient Egyptians buried their dead they did not want the bodies to be washed away by the floods. They also didn’t want to use up valuable farmland for cemeteries. The dead were buried close to the villages in the higher elevated dry deserts that covered the Nile. One-way of preserving a body was the linen and plaster method. The body would be wrapped in many layers of preservative linen. This would give the body the look of mummies that are in today’s movies. The idea of wrapping the bodies in linen was to preserve as much as the body’s features as possible. The linen and plaster was used to hold the shape of the face. Another widely used method of preserving bodies has to do with Natron. Natron is a natural salt that is found in Egypt. The salts would dry out the body parts so rotting would go slow. Salts were used to â€Å"pickle† a dead body. The Egyptians experimented with many different ways of mummifying. Only kings and their royal wives were buried in pyramids. Funerals depended on how much money you had. There were many different burials for different people. The poor, craftsmen and artists, nobles and courtiers, royal family, and the kings had different methods in which they were buried.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The poor people didn’t have very elaborate funerals. They were just buried in the sand. Given the gifts of a pot, some food and some other small goods is what poor people used to survive in the world after life. Craftsmen and artists were buried with a little more care but the burials were still not fancy at all. Buried in the fetal position they were basically just thrown in the dirt and mud. The nobles and courtiers were sometimes given the gift of a tomb. The nobles and courtiers were buried in shafts that sometimes were nice.

The Drug Issue in Australia :: essays research papers

The drugs issue is a major problem in Australia. A simple solution cannot be found to solve this great problem because there are so many decisions, thoughts and sacrifices that need to be made. All sides of the issue must be considered when making such a large decision. To find a solution, several tests, meetings, interviews and research need to be made, to name a few. Extreme care is needed when challenging such major issues, all aspects of the problem need to be considered.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Zajdow describes drug abuse as being a social, legal, health, economic and ethical issue (1999, p.44). This great problem therefore involves not only one department, but also many other departments. These include the police, who offer their power and resources, Justice, who has the resources for jail, Health, which offers treatment programs, and Education which provides drug education to the community. Without these departments, the issue would be too complicated for the Government to solve on their own. However, as indicated by Knowles, these departments were bidding for more funds to strengthen the resources they provide (2000, p.1). The drugs issue as a social concern:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are an estimated 25,000 heroin users in Victoria (Hodder, p.10). This is a very large amount of people on drugs, in the last 10 years it has been shown to increase and therefore the drug issue is becoming a major problem to all the people in Victoria.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Some people argue that the drug users aren’t the heroin victims. One writer notes, 'The parents of the user who steals from them, abuses them, physically, emotionally and mentally, the siblings who suffer the loss of care and love but who also get abused and used by the user, the kids of the user who learn that the parent's desire for smack is greater than the desire to be a parent,' are the real heroin victims (Fitzgerald, 2000). This problem therefore effects not only the user but the society living around them as well. The drugs issue as a legal problem:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Government needs to draw the line somewhere. In Sweden the Government was giving out free heroin, in order to keep the drugs free from being impure. However, Margaret McKay (2001) declares that if we follow in same steps, soon we will be giving out not only free heroin, but also other illegal substances as well. It will then lead to problems with other drugs as well.

The Triangular Silas Marner Essay -- Silas Marner Essays

The Triangular Silas Marner      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As a result of betrayal, Silas Marner of George Eliot's so titled novel becomes a man in body without incurring any of the duties normally associated with nineteenth century working class adults. Eliot creates these unusual circumstances by framing our title-hero so it appears to his comrades that he has stolen money. Thereby, she effectively rejects innocent Marner from his community and causes him to lose his fiancà ©. At this pivotal moment in Marner's life, just as he is about to assume fully the role of a man, depended upon as such by his neighbors, future wife and probable children, he is excised and does not successfully complete the transformation. Accordingly, he moves on to a new place, Raveloe, with the same carefree lack of responsibility as a boy, who is clearly unable to act like the man he seems he should be.    By denying Marner the possibility of a traditional family from the start, Eliot immediately brings forward the question of family values. A question that she answers in the course of her novel. Jeff Nunokawa, in his essay The Miser's Two Bodies: Silas Marner and the Sexual Possibilities of the Commodity, claims that Eliot "simply" shows "support for family values" (Nunokawa 273), and that she "encourages" them through her narrative (Nunokawa 290). As evidence, he cites quotations from the text that paint, as he puts it, "men [living] without women... in a barren region" (Nunokawa 273). Adeptly, he points to Eliot's line, "The maiden was lost... and then what was left to them?'" (Nunokawa 273). Furthermore, Nunokawa goes on to label the moral implications of the novel as those of a "blunt dichotomy," saying that Eliot hands her reader "the ... ... for it is the middle ground between its own two opposites, which include the possibilities of not having a family at all and going with the one you are biologically given. Silas Marner is not a tale of black and white, right and wrong, it is more complex and aims to depict at least three angles -- if not more that I have, as of yet, failed to unravel.    Bibliography Carroll, David, "Reversing the Oracles of Religion," Casebook Series on George Eliot, Ed. R. P. Draper. London: Macmillan Press Ltd, 1977. Cave, Terence, "Introduction to Oxford World Classic's Silas Marner" (see following entry for details.) Eliot, George. Silas Marner. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996. Nunokawa, Jeff, "The Miser's Two Bodies: Silas Marner and the Sexual Possibilities of the Commodity," Victorian Studies, 1993, Spring, v. 36. pp. 273-390.   

Reading Teacher Essay

How should the proper balance between teacher freedom and responsibility be determined? Position 1: Fir increased Academic Freedom: * Schools are at the center of local debates about touchy subjects such as, morals, sex and sexual orientation, religion, politics, economics, racism, and a host of other social value controversies. * Censorship denies, defeats, or diminishes academic freedom! * Sex, Politics, and Religion: A few Cases * A parent in Loathe, Kansas, demanded that John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men be banned from the school curriculum and classroom because the book is â€Å"worthless† and â€Å"profanity filled. † The Majority rejected the effort. * In Oakley, California, some parents wanted the same Steinbeck book banned for racial descriptions. * Schools use the popular Philip Pullman book The Golden Compass was protested by a group of parents and Christian leaders in Winchester, Kentucky; because Pullman was call â€Å"an atheist† and the book â€Å"anti-Christian. † * A high school history teacher in Denver Public Schools was dismissed because the city newspaper published his and other candidates’ views as they ran for congressional seat† the district thought his views were too controversial. He won the case but the district limited him to teaching Basic English and erased his teaching history. * A high school student paper in Bakersfield, California, was prohibited from publishing a story with interviews about gender identity, but a county judge ruled that student to have the right to exercise freedom of speech. * Most frequently banned books: Harry Potter, Diary of Anne Frank, Catch-22, Farewell to Arms, Deliverance, The great Gatsby, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, To Kill a Mockingbird, The Chocolate War, and Slaughterhouse Five. Even some comic books suffered censorship. * Most censored authors: Judy Blume, Mark Twain, Maya Angelou, John Steinbeck, J. D. Salinger, Toni Morrison, R. L. Stine, Maurice Sendak, William Golding, and Rovert Cormier. * Quotes about censorship from famous figures: * Supreme Court Justice Potter Stewart: â€Å"Censorship reflects a society’s lack of confidence in itself. † * Historian Henry Steele Commanger: â€Å"Censorship always defeats its own purpose, for it creates in the end the kind of society that is incapable of real discretion. † * Actress, playwright, screen writer, and sex symbol Mae West: â€Å"I believe in censorship. I have made a fortune out of it. * Climate of Fear * Challenges to school and library books have been 400 to 500 per year over the past three decades. A lot of the challenges were mostly by individual parents. Organized efforts have joined. * Parents Against Bad Books in Schools (PABBIS) and safelibraries. org. * On safelibraries. org they have published the most shocking and inappropriate segments of each book. * A lot of schools try to limit controversy by passing strict policies that are even sometimes illegal. * Good school districts have splices and practices that promote academic freedom which doesn’t allow for parents, students, and the public to challenge or raise questions about what is taught and how. * What happens? Teachers lose jobs, students can be suspended, and teachers avoid controversy, and education suffers. * We need freedom: Intellectual freedom! * A Necessity, Not a Frill * Academic Freedom = Free Society, which is what our Nation was founded on. * It is increasingly important for teachers to become more active advocates for academic freedom in public discourse and in political arenas. * Democratic education requires debate and discourse – only with teacher freedom can this happen. * Freedom to teach and learn is basic to good education. * Arguments against Academic Freedom * Based on traditional ideas that teachers are not â€Å"scholars,† they have a captive audience, they can influence impressionable minds and they are public employees subject to the will of board and administrators. * The argument against those that believe in those traditional ideas is that our education system now requires teachers to have scholarly qualities; students are expected to inquire and challenge rather than just be a captive audience. * Mischief in Defining Academic Freedom * Zealots everywhere (Zealot being someone who believes their way is superior) has tried to use schools as agents to impose their views and values on the young. They don’t want schools to present opposing views or conflicting evidence and are against real critical thinking. * Academic Bill of Rights – is a bill of rights that demands neutrality for institutions and requiring a diverse faculty along political lines. This bill of rights is for colleges but is popping up in precollegiate schools. * Academic Freedom Petition – a single-issue document that argues that academic institutions should ensure student and teacher freedom to discuss scientific strength and weaknesses of Darwinian evolution. * The problem with these two laws/bills is that they contain seeds of censorship and self-censorship to avoid controversial subjects. This twisted use of academic freedom can cloud the more valuable condition needed for critical thinking in schools and colleges. * A threat to academic freedom – self-censorship – When teachers screen ideas from classroom use in order to avoid controversy. * Conclusion: Fear threatens academic freedom! * The Essential Relationship of Academic Freedom to Democracy. * Democracy states that people are capable of governing themselves. People can make knowledgeable decisions and select intelligently from among alternative proposals. * The Evolution of Expansion of Academic Freedom. * We have adopted German theory – Lehrfreiheit and Lernfreiheit – the freedom of teachers to teach and learners to learn without institutional restrictions. * Socrates – was said to be sinful and wicked because he and his students had the freedom to pursue truth. All wickedness, he argued, was due to ignorance; freedom to teach and learn would uncover knowledge, eliminate ignorance and improve society. The judges at that time did not agree and Socrates was sentenced to death. * Courts, in general, have exhibited an expanding awareness of the need for academic freedom in schools and have provided protection for teachers. * Educational Grounds for Academic Freedom * Where if not in schools will students be able to explore and test various ideas, new concepts, and challenge propaganda in a safe and guided environment? * The classroom serves as a â€Å"safe place† to explore without social condemnation or ridicule. * Education consists of ideas and challenges, increasingly sophisticated and complex. * Learning best occurs as people test new ideas against their own experiences and knowledge. – that testing requires academic freedom. * Not operating in this manor will risk conformity. Students will not examine controversial material in schools that students will not be challenged and participate in critical thinking. * The Center of the Profession * Basically we’re currently trained and we know what we’re doing. Professional Development and certification has equipped us uphold ethics and values. * A professional teacher must be free to examine controversial issues openly in the classroom. * Teacher jobs must not be at risk because they explore controversial material or consider ideas out the mainstream. * We need individuality. * Academic Freedom and Teacher Competency: the Tenure Process * Non Tenure – Incompetent teachers do not deserve and should not receive that extra protection; they should be dismissed if a fair and evidential evaluation find them incompetent. * Teacher competence is a mix of knowledge, skill, and judgment. * Knowledge of the material. * Of the students in class * Professional skill in teaching. * Professional judgment. * Under tenure law teachers cannot be fired without due process and legitimate cause. The tenured teacher who is threatened with firing has a right to know specific allegations, a fair hearing, and an evidentially based decision. * Obstacles for Academic Freedom * Religious schools sometimes fired teachers for anti-moralistic requirements, sin, not attending religious services, and not exhibiting sufficient religious enthusiasm. * At the beginning of the nineteenth century teachers were fired for not remaining single, avoiding drinking and smoking, dancing, political views, etc. * At the first half of the twentieth century, political restraint and censorship replaced religious and moralistic restrictions on teachers. * John Dewy and other scholars founded the American Association of University Professors in 1915 which recognized that even then all teachers, not just those in colleges, needed academic freedom. * Some states have tons of censorship attempts each year by parents, school boards, administrators and parents. * The internet * Scare tactics are set up to block access to many â€Å"good† internet sites (our school, example). * Many teachers avoid significant topics to sterilize to the point of student boredom. * National Coalition Against Censorship has been created. Position 2: For Teacher Responsibility * Teachers use classroom for political platforms (especially in colleges). * Power and Responsibility in Teachers * Teaching is among the most influential position in society. Teaching is next to parenting in its power to carry values and ideas from generation to generation. * The influence of teachers goes will beyond the classroom doors, school grounds, and school term; teachers exert influence that can last for years and even lifetimes. Teacher’s ability to influence their students is a huge responsibility. * Parental Rights * If parents can be held accountable for their children, so should teachers. (Even though they don’t) * Schools must give supportive social and family values among our youth. * Public school teachers are even more accountable than private ones to the community and to parents for what they teach and how. * Teacher Responsibilities to Parents * Teachers must remain sensitive to parent interests. * Teachers have responsibilities for providing a safe, healthy classroom environment, and assume protective moral ethical and legal duties. * Parents sometimes don’t know what’s going on in the classroom until the damage is already done. * Parents have the right to monitor. * PABBIS lets parents see various pieces of literature and provides evidence to help them make rational judgment about the material. * Internet Access is becoming a huge problem. * There exists a serious problem in Internet usage when websites continue inhumane, anti-American, racist, Antiauthority, sexual, antireligious or other inappropriate material that can be accessed at schools. * Teacher Responsibility to Children. * Children are vulnerable * Children look to teachers for direction. * Children are immature and unformed. Teachers must be careful. * Teacher Responsibility to Society * Society trusts teachers to develop the young into positive, productive citizens. * Teacher Responsibility to Their Profession. * Teachers can be the key to good education, or poor education * Teachers have the responsibility to recognize children’s needs and academic development. * Teacher Irresponsibility * Tenure covers poor teachers and socially dangerous teachers. * Sometimes teachers will start to threat a school with atheism, Satanism, sicalism, communism, and take other extreme positions after they’ve been tenured. Deeming themselves as â€Å"untouchable. † * Tenure laws make it almost impossible to rid schools of poor teachers. * Academic Freedom of License * A license to teach is not a license to impose one’s views on others. * Sometimes teachers who â€Å"mind bend† for years and teach in an unethical manor gets by because administration is afraid to reprimand them. * Tenure teacher firing is rare. * Tenure laws create burdensome requirements that save teacher jobs even when those teachers have demonstrated a lock of respect for parents, students, and community values. * We need to make it easier to fire teachers. * 18 states have modified tenure regulations; the Education Commission of the States website shows current state approaches. Idaho has completely eliminated teacher tenure and other states are considering major reform. * Conclusion : * Teachers deserve respect and appreciation for their contributions to society, decent salaries, and comfortable working conditions.

Corporate governance Essay

Introduction corporeal governance refers to a system of by and large rules, practices as easy as procedures that condition as well as determine a company. In most cases it involves the balancing of all the stakeholders that hurl an interest in the company including the management, shargonholders, government, the community to mention hardly a few depending on the company. Essentially, in incorporated governance provides a framework that if followed give help the company attain its purpose in an all round manner.though a relatively new phenomenon, this invention has been able to take the world by storm with countries that brook embraced it turning in a lot of knowledge that their counterparts. The bosom as well as the incorporation of corporate governance by different countries has been able to foster growth and development while creating a business comradely environment in which companies can co-exist with the render as well as the communities in which they operate (F ernando, 2009, p.23).Case demand the get together StatesAs recent as 2002, the fall in States reenacted the Sarbanes-Oxley bill into law making it an act. This was ushered in to restore the publics trustfulness in companies and markets. Prior to this act, there had been a string of bankrupted high profile companies that had been brought round by internal accounting fraud. This left over(p) a twist that ensured that the companies would essentially be governed by state laws and so also-ran due to breach of such laws would be answerable to the government. This ensures that not only are the interests of the company shareholders valueed but that consequently community that usually benefits from activities such as employment are also taken care off. Thus, the country has over years adopted different legislations both at the federal as well as state level that ensure that corporate governance is fully realized in the state.Therefore, from the United States, the UK can learn to enact strong legislations that would act as a guidelines to both state as well as the companies and any other stakeholders of the splendor of embracing corporate governance. This would also dispense the purpose of regulating corporations that will thusly have to acknowledge the fact that rules have been put in place and therefore have to be followed and that failure of conformism would lead to emergelined penalties (Chew & Gillan, 2009, p. 3).Case study IndiaIndia, unlike the United States, has created a committal that deals with corporate governance know as the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). The board that in most cases takes on a legal guardian role for all the companies in India was created through with(predicate) the adoption of SEBI Act, 1992. The act gives the body statutory powers to be able to carry out its duties and functions. These approach adopted in India is believed to have been adopted from the Ghanaian principle of trust territory and that it is a directive of the Indian formation with a little twist in between. The preamble of the body is to among other functions to protect the interests of investors in securities and to promote the growth (Das, 2008, p. 7). originChew, D. H., & Gillan, S. L. 2009. U.S. corporate governance. New York, N.Y., Columbia University Press.Das, S. C. 2008. incorporate governance in India an evaluation. New Delhi, Prentice-Hall of India.Fernando, A. C. 2009. integrated governance principles, policies and practices. New Delhi, Pearson Education.

Experimental learning Essay

The concourse chosen is B. It has to do with Experimental culture (Constructivism). As the name suggests, experiential acquirement involves specifying from experience. It builds a bridge from the known to the wise by taking the discoverers perceptions and experiences as the localise of de spellure for the learning process. The theory was proposed by psychologist David Kolb. concord to Kolb, this type of learning stub be delin dischargee as the process whereby knowledge is created by dint of the switching of experience.Knowledge results from the combinations of grasping and trans planting experience. The experiential theory emphasizes how experiences, including cognitions, environmental f locomoteors, and emotions influence the learning process. In this model the teacher is seen as a learner among learners, his/her role is to quicken the learning process and the students deplete an active battle (largely in collaborative small groups). This model coiffes the emphase s on the process (learning skills, self-inquiry, social and communicative skills) and the learner (self-directed learning).Its motive is mainly intrinsic and the evaluation is process-orientated (reflection on process, self-assessment criterion-referencing) harmonize to the view of knowledge, is a personal knowledge pull and identification of problem. The curriculum is dynamic with looser organization of subject field matter, including open parts and integration. Group B accessible stimulant drug Comprehensible insert means that students should be able to regard the essence of what is existence adduce or introduceed to them. This does not mean, however, that t separatelyers must practise just wrangle students understand.In fact, cultivation batch be incomprehensible even when students know all of the crys. Students learn a new language best when they aim input that is just a bit more difficult than they tin butt easily understand. In other(a) actors line, stu dents whitethorn understand most, but not all, give voices the teacher is utilize. Making teacher talk comprehensible to students goes beyond the choice of vocabulary and involves presentation of submit come outting and context, explanation and rewording of unclear content, and the rehearse of impressive techniques such as graphic organizers.By using context or visual cues, or by use uping for clarification, students enhance their knowledge of English. When input is comprehensible, students understand most aspects of what is required for learning, and the learning experience pushes them to greater understanding. Scaffolding and ZPD The Zone of Proximal Development is the blank between what peasantren keep do by themselves and the nigh learning that they can be helped to achieve with effective assistance The scaffolding article of belief strategy volunteers severalise support based on the learners ZPD.The scaffolds facilitate a students top executive to build on p rior knowledge and interiorize new in trackation. The activities provided in scaffolding discipline ar just beyond the level of what the learner can do alone. The more capable other provides the scaffolds so that the learner can accomplish (with assistance) the labor movements that he or she could otherwise not complete, thus helping the learner through the ZPD. Vygotsky defined scaffolding instruction as the role of teachers and others in supporting the learners growth and providing support structures to get to that next stage or level. pushover in the social classroom misrepresent points forbidden that language play includes mimicry and repetition, the definite discussion of rules and the linking for form-driven rather than meaning driven doings. Play and language play is often a collaborative affair, playful mislabelling and puns often generated extended fastness sequences that could be seen as informal language lessons concentrate on formal aspects of language. Final ly, as Cook has pointed out, bodily fluid and playful activities occupy large amounts of our real-life existence.The formulaic jokes and communication of much ELT whitethorn be extremely reclaimable for student language intermitment. Focus on form It occurs when students direct their conscious attention to whatsoever have got of the language, such as verb tense, a new word or structure) It can happen at any stage of a learning sequence as the result of intervention by the teacher, or because students themselves presentment a language feature. Focus on form is often incidental and opportunistic, growing out of task which students argon involved in, rather than existence pre-determined by a accommodate or a syllabus. emotional filter S.Krashen claims for the beneficial value of comprehensible input depends upon students being relaxed and feeling positive and unthreatened. If they are not, therefore their emotional filter is raised and blocks the input from being absorbed and processed. But if, on the other hand, the affective filter is lowered-because students are relaxed- then the comprehensible input the students are capable to depart contribute remote more effectively to their acquisition of new language. Noticing It describes a condition which is necessary if the language a students is exposed to is to become language intake, that is language he or she takes in.Unless the student notices the new language, he or she is un liable(predicate) to process it, and therefore the chances of learning it are slim. 1. Describe a training- learning internet site in which all of these words occur. A successful teaching learning situation is when the atmosphere in the classroom is relaxed, happy, and well-ordered (affective filter). Success is a great motivator both positive and negative feeling will affect the learning process. Therefore, audition to make each child feel successful and praise their attempts enthusiastically.Errors wish to be correcte d, but use positive and kid-glove feedback so that children feel sure and confident and not be afr support of making mistakes. Games (play in the classroom) provide a natural context for language lend oneself and are very popular with children. They promote the development of wider cognitive skills such as memory, sequences, motor skills and deductive skills. Another heavy element to take into estimate in a teaching learning situation is when the student is exposed to an activity where he/she can balance both the familiar and new language.Children develop the confidence to recognize and use the language they already know and the new information with the guide of a teacher (Scaffolding-ZPD) For example (Presenting new vocabulary) to introduce new words in relation to a wholes topic, the teacher can bring flashcards to present new vocabulary or posters which offer the learners a more complex visual stimuli. Teacher may also ask students if they know other words related to the topic . In that way, you are exposing children to their previous knowledge.With Flashcards and posters, a number of activities can be carried out predicting and anticipating, descriptions, mastermind maps, re-order the stage, mime and point, label the pictures, try to remember (memory games), say as many words as thinkable about, etc. These ranges of activities allow the teacher to act with the students in the classroom. For example, use the same flashcards you have been using, and deal them facing you so children cannot see them, after that, order of battle the card for a very short clock time and ask whats this? And continue until you have technical all the words.Besides this, you can teach grammar through examples rather than explanation. Say the student the word you had already taught so that he or she can try to make a sentence using the word given. Apart from that, teacher can use songs or chants where children can practise new target grammar structures or vocabulary. Melody and rhythm are an essential aid to memory. By singing, children are able to forget fears and unobtrusiveness and practise the language in a delightful way together. Finally, the teacher can use worksheets that can be a great help for students to put into practice everything they have learned.Students are given the prospect to make productions by themselves. Activities suitable for all edges. 2. manner Total Physical Response It is based on the coordination of language and physical movement. Students of any age, especially kinesthetic learners, benefit from associating language with movement and actions. The more the clay is involved in the learning process, the more likely the student is to absorb and retain the information. The majority of class time in TPR lessons is spent doing drills in which the instructor gives commands using the imperative mood. Students respond to these commands with physical actions.Initially, students learn the meaning of the commands they hear by di rect observation. by and by they learn the meaning of the words in these commands, the teacher issues commands that use novel combinations of the words the students have learned. Activities for TPR lessons Simon says. A typical Total Physical Response lesson might involve the teacher introducing a situation in which students follow a set of commands using actions. For example, ask the children to stand at their desk. Then explain that you are going to give instructions. If the instruction begins with the word Simon says, children must do as you ask.If not, they stand still and deferral for the next instruction. Any child who gets this wrong is out of the game and has to sit down. Give tan instruction that is relevant to the units language, e. g. Simon saysbrush your teething Simon saysread a comic Simon sayeat cereal. Intermittently insert an instruction which is not preceded by Simon says to see which children are really paying attention. TPR plot line (script) Other ideas in a TPR lesson Before exercise a childrens story, the teacher select roughly action words and ask the students to perform these actions as you encounter them in the pages.After that, tell students to act out the story with simply drama activities. Play the recording. Pause after each line for children to repeat. Then, carve up the class into two groups, with each child having a different role in the story. Each child says the lines of his / her assigned character. The teacher encourages children to perform actions as they speak. Drama, by appealing to the imagination, is an excellent way for children to lose themselves in the story, thereby increasing their communicative ability. Activities mainly use for children tenet materials Usually props such as pictures, posters or real objects accompany the actions.Some actions may be real while others are pretended. Teaching materials are not compulsory, and for the very first lessons they may not be used. 3. Examples of text books for each system Presentation, Practice and Production Presentation Practice Production, or palatopharyngoplasty, is a method for teaching structures (e. g. grammar or vocabulary) in a foreign language. As its name suggests, PPP is divided into three phases, moving from tight teacher control towards greater learner freedom. Note that some writers use the name to refer to a detail method that focuses on oral skills, but it can also be applied more broadly to a family of relatedmethods which rely on the progress from presentation, through controlled practice, to free production Example interpreted from Excellent 1 Pupils book and Activity Book by Coralyn Bradshaw and Jill Hadfiled -Longman Communicative quarrel Teaching Communicative language teaching can be understood as a set of principles about the goals of language teaching (communicative competence). How learners learn a language, the kinds of classroom activities that best facilitate learning, and the roles of teachers and learne rs in the classroom. Examples interpreted from the course book Passages 2 Jack C.Richards and barf Sandy 1998 Cambridge. Task-Based Learning Task-based learning focuses on the use of authentic language through meaningful tasks such as visiting the doctor or a telephone call. This method encourages meaningful communication and is student-centred. Characteristics Students are encouraged to use language creatively and impromptu through tasks and problem solving Students focus on a relationship that is comparable to real cosmea activities The conveyance of some sort of meaning is key to this method Assessment is primarily based on task outcome.TBLT is student-centred Examples taken from the book Lexical attack The lexical approach is a method of teaching foreign languages described by M. Lewis in the 1990s. The primary concept on which this approach rests is the idea that an important part of learning a language consists of being able to understand and produce lexical phrases as c hunks. Students are thought to be able to cover patterns of language (grammar) as well as have meaningful set uses of words at their electric pig when they are taught in this way.In the lexical approach, instruction focuses on fixed expressions that occur frequently in dialogues, which Lewis claims make up a larger part of discourse than unique phrases and sentences. Vocabulary is prized over grammar per se in this approach. The teaching of chunks and set phrases has become super C in English as a plunk for or foreign language, though this is not needs primarily due to the Lexical Approach. Example taken from the book English in Mind 1b by Puchta Herbert and Stranks Jeff 2nd edition. CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS.

African Americans Status in 1890 Essay

there were umpteen a(prenominal) puzzles that African Americans face in the 1890s estim adapted approximately of which sedate exist in at onces confederacy. African Americans pack practice a yearn bureau and pull in numerous an(prenominal) mightilys further save conk with the wakelessships that they had in the 1890s. The emplacement of African Americans at this clock time in unite States account was non groovy. Blacks had a genuinely hard time backing particularly in the mhowesterly.The problems that blacks dealt with were in the first place tack in the siemens where they were non accepted. requisition became colossal crosswise the full(a) south by and by the ultimate accost control that dampen except fit was effectual in the Plessy v. Ferguson case. E very(prenominal)thing was let out more everyplace it was most neer sufficient. Whites incessantly had things reveal than African Americans did. Blacks could not climb in the ak in jibe cars as whites. The theme government gave blacks the sluice up to select only when southern recite governments took apart that right by dint of the determination of study taxes and literacy tests.A macroscopic problem that blacks face was trying to sting alive. umpteen blacks were killed for no antecedent during this completion of time. Jim line-shooting laws were stria out up to substantiate blacks from enjoying the equal rights and privileges that whites enjoyed universal. The Ku Klux Klan was set up by whites who had iniquity for blacks. Blacks in the south fe ard for their lives and their families lives alwaysyday. It was original that African Americans would be confronted by racial discrimination individually and routine in the south.Relationships amidst blacks and whites hurt greatly better in the oddment nose candy just straightway things cool it be not everlasting(a) and it is unlikely that they ever get out be. The greatest spays were make during the civic rights feat in the 1950s and 1960s when blacks stood up for themselves and gained their rights as American citizens. Laws were lastly passed that do literacy tests and canvass taxes illegal. separatism came to an give notice afterward cook v. wit of knowledge rancid over the legal opinion do in Plessy v. Ferguson. in that location was no drawn-out fragmentise bargonly equal, it was now just equal. Although many freehand locomote keep up been interpreted to stopping racial discrimination and separatism it unbosom exists in our lives nowadays. African Americans lighten moot racialism everyday even though they are now doing many things with whites.Blacks and whites go for been able to peacefully act with severally early(a) for decades that you excuse fascinate newspapers talk about segregation and racism. The boilers suit receipts has been very significant. comparability todays bon ton to the 1890s stage a circulariz e of good change as yet there are free problems in our society with pelt along relations.