Advancements in Rockets

Advancements in Rockets My paper is going to inform you of the advancements that we the world have made over the years. The success and the failure that we have made and who and what has and hasn’t influenced the rocket in how its made or the look and shape and why it flew and how it flew and the advantages of having rockets and the different types of rockets. The Chinese were one of the first to start experimenting with gun powder they made arrows and attached a tube full of gun powder the escaping gas made the arrow move faster and fly farther and thus the first rocket was born.Later the Chinese used the gun powder idea and made a bigger tube and a longer arrow to help them fly straighter they used these new rockets to defend them from the attack of Mongols in 1232 the Mongols called these rockets â€Å"arrows of flying fire† and these arrows had great psychological effects on the Mongols. Europe the Mongols took this rocket idea and spread it through out Europe. In E ngland a monk named Roger Bacon worked on improving the gun powder to make the rockets fly farther.In France Jean Froissart found out that you can shoot rockets more accurately by shooting the rockets out of tubes. In Italy Joanes de Fontana made a water skimming torpedo that was used for setting enemy boats on fire. Rockets and Science, Sir. Newton did a lot of studying on how gravity works and found his three laws of motion witch help people advance rockets and find out how rockets would do in outer space. Newton’s law then had a great influence on the shape and the look of rockets. In about 1720 a Dutch professor designed a car with a steam propelled jet engine.Germany and Russia began working with rockets with a mass of more than 45 kilograms. Some of these rockets were so powerful that their escaping exhaust flames made holes in the ground even before it got to leave the ground. During the late 18th century to the 19th century. The success of Indian rockets against the B ritish in 1792 and 1799 it caught the eye of artillery expert Colonel William Congreve he then set out to design the rockets for the British government his rockets then became highly successful in battle.Used by British ships in the War of 1812 they inspired Francis Scott Key to write â€Å"the rockets' red glare,† later know as The Star- Spangled Banner. The devastating nature of war rockets was not their accuracy or power, but their numbers. In a single battle thousand of them would be fired. An Englishman, William Hale, developed a technique called spin stabilization. In this method let escaping exhaust gases to strike a small vane at the bottom of the rocket causing it to spin witch is still used to day.

Objectives Of The Integrated Food Law Environmental Sciences Essay

Consolidate the Torahs associating to nutrient and set up a individual mention point for all affairs associating to nutrient safety and criterions, by traveling from multi-level, multi-departmental control to a individual line of bid. Establish the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India ( FSSAI ) as an apex regulative authorization for puting down scientific discipline based criterions for articles of nutrient. Regulate industry, storage, distribution and sale and import of articles of nutrient to guarantee handiness of safe and wholesome nutrient for human ingestion. Pool substructure, manpower and proving installations for better criterion arrested development and enforcement through their proper redisposition and consideration. New commissariats of FSS Act Covering Functional Foods, addendums, Nutraceuticals Issue of Licenses within 2 months of application. Provision of Improvement Notice by Designated Officers Prosecution, should be within 1 twelvemonth of offense. Particular Courts for drumhead tests Compensation to Victims ( for any instance of Injury/ Grievous injury/ Death ) Wagess to betrayers ( informing about the lawbreakers – debasement etc. ) by State Govt. 197 One composite licence for unit ( s ) falling in one country Promoting Self ordinance and attachment to specified nutrient safety direction systems. No License for junior-grade nutrient concern operators ; merely enrollment is compulsory Cardinal licensing from Authority for high hazard points. Food Safety Officer with a wider authorization will replace nutrient Inspector. Decriminalization of jurisprudence and expeditious disposal of instances Financial punishments for less serious instances. Right to contend research lab consequences by choosing to direct sample to commissioned research lab. 6.102 About the authorization, function and duty and the powers of the Authority the Committee were informed that Food Authority has the authorization of puting down scientific discipline based criterions for articles of nutrient and to modulate their industry, storage, distribution, sale and import to guarantee handiness of safe and wholesome nutrient for human ingestion. The duties are as follows: ( a ) Developing the criterions and guidelines in relation to articles of nutrient and stipulating an appropriate system for implementing assorted criterions notified under this Act ; ( B ) arrested development of the bounds for usage of nutrient additives, harvest contaminations, pesticide residues, residues of veterinary drugs, heavy metals, treating AIDSs, myco-toxins, antibiotics and pharmacological active substances and irradiation of nutrient ; ( degree Celsius ) advising the mechanisms and guidelines for accreditation of enfranchisement organic structures engaged in enfranchisement of nutrient safety direction systems for nutrient concerns ; ( vitamin D ) developing the process and the enforcement of quality control in relation to any article of nutrient imported into India ; ( vitamin E ) developing the process and guidelines for accreditation of research labs and presentment of the commissioned research labs ; 198 ( degree Fahrenheit ) advising the method of trying, analysis and exchange of information among enforcement governments ; ( g ) behavior study of enforcement and disposal of this Act in the state ; ( H ) lay down nutrient labelling criterions including claims on wellness, nutrition, particular dietetic utilizations and nutrient class systems for nutrients ; and ( I ) the mode in which and the process topic to which hazard analysis, hazard appraisal, hazard communicating and hazard direction shall be undertaken. ( J ) provide scientific advice and proficient support to the Central Government and the State Governments in affairs of bordering the policy and regulations in countries which have a direct or indirect bearing on nutrient safety and nutrition ; ( K ) hunt, collect, collate, analyse and summarise relevant scientific and proficient informations peculiarly associating to – ( I ) nutrient ingestion and the exposure of persons to hazards related to the ingestion of nutrient ; ( two ) incidence and prevalence of biological hazard ; ( three ) contaminations in nutrient ; ( four ) residues of assorted contaminations ; ( V ) designation of emerging hazards ; and ( six ) debut of rapid watchful system ; ( cubic decimeter ) promote, coordinate and issue guidelines for the development of hazard appraisal methodological analysiss and proctor and behavior and forward messages on the wellness and nutritionary hazards of nutrient to the Cardinal Government, State Governments and Commissioners of Food Safety ; ( m ) provide scientific and proficient advice and aid to the Cardinal Government and the State Governments in 199 execution of crisis direction processs with respect to nutrient safety and to pull up a general program for crisis direction and work in close co-operation with the crisis unit set up by the Cardinal Government in this respect ; ( N ) set up a system of web of administrations with the purpose to ease a scientific co-operation model by the co-ordination of activities, the exchange of information, the development and execution of joint undertakings, the exchange of expertness and best patterns in the Fieldss within the Food Authorityaa‚Â ¬a„?s duty ; ( o ) provide scientific and proficient aid to the Central Government and the State Governments for bettering cooperation with international administrations ; ( P ) take all such stairss to guarantee that the populace, consumers, interested parties and all degrees of panchayets receive rapid, dependable, nonsubjective and comprehensive information through appropriate methods and agencies ; ( Q ) provide, whether within or outside their country, preparation programmes in nutrient safety and criterions for individuals who are or intend to go involved in nutrient concerns, whether as nutrient concern operators or employees or otherwise ; ( R ) undertake any other undertaking assigned to it by the Central Government to transport out the objects of this Act ; ( s ) contribute to the development of international proficient criterions for nutrient, healthful and phyto-sanitary criterions ; ( T ) contribute, where relevant and appropriate to the development of understanding on acknowledgment of the equality of specific nutrient related steps ; ( u ) promote co-ordination of work on nutrient criterions undertaken by international governmental and nongovernmental administrations ; 200 ( V ) promote consistence between international proficient criterions and domestic nutrient criterions while guaranting that the degree of protection adopted in the state is non reduced ; and ( tungsten ) promote general consciousness as to nutrient safety and nutrient criterions. 6.103 When asked about the adequateness of substructure, work force, installations, etc. available with the Authority vis-a-vis undertaking at manus and the stairss being taken to take deficits, if any along with their time-lines the Authority replied that The Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006 seeks to replace the multiple nutrient Torahs, standard puting organic structures and enforcement bureaus prevalent in the state with one integrated nutrient jurisprudence. Hitherto, nutrient was being regulated in the state through assorted bureaus under different Ministries/Departments. The States/UTs are responsible for execution of Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954, while there are other cardinal bureaus under assorted Acts and Orders viz. , the Fruit Products Order, 1955, the Meat Food Products Order,1973, the Milk and Milk Merchandises Order, 1992, the Vegetable Oil Products ( Control ) Order, 1947, the Edible Oils Packaging ( Regulation ) Order, 1998, the Solvent Extracted Oil, De oiled Meal, and Edible Flour ( Control ) Order,1967 and any other order issued under the Essential Commodities Act, 1955 for licensing of industries. The nutrient regulative mechanism had several constrictions in execution as follows: ( a ) Multiplicity of nutrient Torahs, standard scene and enforcement bureaus for different sectors of nutrient ( B ) Varied Quality/Safety criterions and hapless harmonisation ( degree Celsius ) Thin spread of work force, hapless research labs substructure and other resources ( vitamin D ) Standards stiff and non-responsive to scientific promotions and modern engineerings ( vitamin E ) Poor information airing to consumers. 6.104 The cardinal characteristics of the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006 to 201 address the challenges in nutrient safety are: ( a ) Motion from multi-level and multi-department control to a individual line of bid ( B ) FSSAI as a individual mention point for all affairs associating to Food Safety and Standards, Regulations and Enforcement ( degree Celsius ) Unified licencing system and proviso for enrollment of little nutrient concern operators ( vitamin D ) Achieve high grade of consumer assurance in quality and safety of nutrient ( vitamin E ) Effective, transparent and accountable regulative model ( degree Fahrenheit ) Emphasis on gradual displacement from regulative government to self conformity ( g ) Adequate information airing on nutrient to enable consumer to do informed picks. ( H ) Mechanism for speedy disposal of instances and proviso for ranked punishments based on gravitation of discourtesy ( I ) Food research labs accredited by NABL or other suited bureau. ( J ) Focus on nutrient safety throughout the full nutrient concatenation. ( K ) Preventive attack based on nutrient safety system instead than terminal merchandise attack. ( cubic decimeter ) Emphasis on preparation and capacity edifice of all stakeholders ( m ) Consistency between domestic and international nutrient criterions without cut downing precautions to public wellness and consumer protection 6.105 The undermentioned activities have been done so far toward the execution of FSS Act, 2006: ( a ) Food Authority/ Central Advisory Committee, 8 Scientific Panels, and Scientific Committee established. ( B ) Integration of Staff under subdivision 90 from assorted Ministries/Departments ( degree Celsius ) Gap analysis survey of 50 State Food Testing Laboratories completed ( vitamin D ) Food Import ordinance mechanism started at major ports of entries. 202 ( vitamin E ) Regular interactions with State/ UTs to guarantee readying toward execution ( degree Fahrenheit ) Awareness Generation, Training of State regulators ( more than 400 forces trained including trainers ) , ( g ) More than 20 National consultations/ Regional Conferences including one International workshop conducted ( H ) Model for accreditation of the nutrient research labs, Certification/Inspection organic structures to scrutinize conformity to nutrient safety system, Food safety Plan. ( I ) Rules for assorted commissariats under FSS Act, 2006 notified on 5-5- 2011. ( J ) Regulations for assorted commissariats under FSS Act, 2006 are under blessing and likely to be notified shortly 6.106 Although, the Act was notified on 24th August, 2006, the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India was notified merely on 5th September, 2008. The Authority could get down working from January/ February, 2009 with the transportation of staff from assorted Ministries/ Departments and the assignment of a full clip Chief Executive Officer. 6.107 The Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006 will come into force three months after the presentment of the Rules, i.e. from 5th August, 2011. The following 5 old ages are hence, really important as several new activities and enterprises will take off, for which equal substructure, including increased work force, is perfectly indispensable for successful enforcement of the Act. The enforcement of the Act is through the State Government machinery and State Governments need to be suitably and rapidly strengthened to guarantee effectual enforcement. In the first three old ages of its being, the FSSAI has been allotted Rs.8.00cr in 2008-09, Rs.21.00cr. in 2009-10 and Rs. 32.37 crore in 2010-11 mainly for wages and assorted administrative disbursals. This degree of fund allocation can non evidently run into the demands of FSSAI in the subsequent old ages and will be grossly unequal for transporting out its authorization. Therefore, FSSAI requires significant support for the following 5 old ages both for Central degree and State degree substructure and work force. 203 6.108 The followers was submitted by the Authority about the jobs to be addressed: ( a ) Inadequate substructure, manpower and other resources at the Cardinal and State degrees for enforcement of the FSS Act. ( B ) Inadequate research lab substructure at Central and State degrees for testing of nutrient articles. ( degree Celsius ) Lack of consciousness of consumers and other stakeholders about nutrient safety issues. ( vitamin D ) Existing licencing mechanism under multiple bureaus which demands to be replaced with a incorporate licensing/ enrollment mechanism under the FSS Act. ( vitamin E ) Lack of any integrated nutrient safety surveillance system, including surveillance of imported nutrient. ( degree Fahrenheit ) Need for constitution of e- administration system from panchayet degree upwards for nutrient safety affairs. ( g ) Absence of any national degree province of the art establishment for transporting out research on nutrient scientific discipline and hazard appraisal. ( H ) Lack of trained forces and absence of any cardinal preparation institute to provide to the demands of FSSAI for execution of the FSS Act. 6.109 About the stairss proposed to Address the above Problems, it was submitted that the undermentioned activities are proposed for turn toing the above issues: A. At Central degree ( a ) Strengthening of FSSAIaa‚Â ¬a„?s central offices Staffing with equal figure of suitably qualified forces Construction of new office edifice for FSSAI headquarter Construction of residential adjustment for FSSAI staff ( B ) Development of scientific discipline based criterions Enrolling forces with makings and expertness in relevant field 204 Constitution of a National Food Science and Risk Assessment Centre ( degree Celsius ) Food proving installations Upgradation of bing Central Food Laboratory at Kolkata and constitution of new CFL at Mumbai. Constitution of proving installations for genetically modified nutrient. ( vitamin D ) Surveillance mechanism Development of a nutrient safety surveillance model and set uping a mechanism for surveillance, both active and passive, which will be implemented through a competent bureau selected through a competitory procedure. Safety of imported nutrient for which equal figure of forces, and substructure for new offices are required. ( vitamin E ) Enforcement of the Act Staff demand for cardinal licensing Awareness coevals and educational programmes Communication through media Development of developing stuff and particular classs in association with professional establishments and universities Constitution of National Food Safety Training Institute ( NFSTI ) Training of stakeholders at NFSTI ( degree Fahrenheit ) Reward strategy for information on adulterated/ insecure nutrient ( g ) Constitution of a national helpline B. At State degree ( a ) Strengthening of territory degree nutrient safety office Construction of edifice Provision of office equipment, vehicle etc. ( B ) Food proving installations 205 Upgradation of 62 public nutrient research labs Upgradation of 10 public nutrient research labs to referral research labs Supplying one nomadic nutrient research lab each to every State and U.T. Supplying one nutrient research lab each to 150 territories. ( degree Celsius ) Constitution of exigency response Centre in each State ( vitamin D ) Training programmes by the States/ UTs ( vitamin E ) Information, instruction and communicating activities of the State Governments ( degree Fahrenheit ) E- administration from panchayat degree upwards Existing webs of other Ministries will be utilised. 6.110 When queried about the on-going initiatives the undermentioned information was submitted to the Committee: ( a ) 355 stations have been sanctioned for FSSAI in September, 2010, most of the Service Rules have been approved by the Government and Recruitment Rules are being finalised for make fulling up the stations. Besides the Authority has farther made a probationary appraisal of work force demand for providing to assorted duties assigned to the Authority as per FSS Act, 2006 over following program period for its effectual and smooth execution. ( B ) Gap analysis of 50 nutrient proving research labs has been carried out. ( degree Celsius ) Imported nutrient clearance procedure has been taken over at 5 ports, 4 airdromes and ICDs at Delhi and operationalisation of activities at 7 extra ports planned for 2011-12. ( vitamin D ) FSSAI Regional Offices have been established in Delhi and Mumbai. ( vitamin E ) Procedure of standard scene for some new points as, for illustration probiotics, nutrient for particular intent and nutritionary utilizations, alcoholic drinks, trans fatty acids, GM nutrient labelling, caffeinated drinks etc. have been initiated. 206 ( degree Fahrenheit ) Training programmes have been organised for Food Safety Commissioners, Food Safety Officers ( ToT ) , Designated Military officers and Authorized Officers ( for imported nutrient safety ) . Several States have conducted farther preparation programmes for their Food Safety Officers. ( g ) For consciousness coevals, print advertizements on nutrient safety, characteristic programme on Doordarshan, Kalyani and wireless jangles on AIR have already been initiated. Booklets, booklets etc. on FSSAI have been widely distributed. FSSAI besides has a really enlightening web site which is daily updated. ( H ) Advisories have been issued by FSSAI whenever warranted, as for illustration in the instance of cyanuramide in imported milk, possibility of radioactive taint in imported nutrients from Japan, antibiotics in honey etc. ( I ) FSSAI has established linkages with relevant institutes for development of developing stuff or carry oning studies/ studies or reding FSSAI in proficient affairs. Such institutes are IIPA, IGNOU, NIN, IIMB, EIC, NISG, APEDA, NDDB, QCI, IVRI and CFTRI. 6.111 As respects timelines for the intent it was stated that the activities of FSSAI are ongoing. However, the first 5 old ages after the Act comes into force are the most important old ages as the success of the Act and the fulfillment of its authorization will wholly depend on the handiness of financess for originating all the activities included in the strategy. Therefore, budget demand has been projected for the first 5 old ages, which coincides with the Twelfth Five Year Plan period. 6.112 Asked to spell out the quantum of fund required for the activities proposed the undermentioned estimations were furnished to the Committee: Broad Head of Activity/ Initiative Fund Required in 12th Plan Period ( Rs.in crore ) Cardinal Level State/UT degree Strengthening of Food Safety Infrastructure both at 630.00 410.00 Cardinal and State degree 207 Strengthening of Food Laboratory Infrastructure 195.00 1021.00 ( Including Up-gradation of 72 Public Labs, Mobile Labs, Food Lab at each District, National Food Science & A ; Risk Assessment Centre and Up-gradation of CFLs Training & A ; Capacity Building of Stakeholders including 15.00 30.00 National Food Safety Training Institute E-Governance system for Food Safety from Panchayat 506.00 50.00 upwards and Food Safety Surveillance Communication, Awareness & A ; Educational Programmes 900.00 350.00 New Building for FSSAI Headquarter & A ; Housing installation 450.00 – for staff SUB- TOTAL 2696.00 1861.00 GRAND TOTAL 4557.00 Note: Fiscal spending of Rs. 2,530 crore required by State/UT Governments in footings of merely wage of work force for Enforcement System during the 12th Five Year Plan is non included in the above. Regulating and Monitoring of Imported nutrient As per Clause 16 of the Act: ( 1 ) aa‚Â ¬E?it shall be the responsibility of the Food Authority to modulate and supervise the industry, processing, distribution, sale and import of nutrient so as to guarantee safe and wholesome nutrient. ( 2 ) Without bias to the commissariats of sub-section ( 1 ) , the Food Authority may by ordinances specify – ( a ) The criterions and guidelines in relation to articles of nutrient and stipulating an appropriate system for implementing assorted criterions notified under this Act ( B ) the bounds for usage of nutrient additives, harvest contaminations, pesticide residues, residues of veterinary drugs, heavy metals, treating AIDSs, myco-toxinz, antibiotics and pharmacological active substances and irradiation of nutrient ; ( degree Celsius ) the mechanisms and guidelines for accreditation of enfranchisement organic structures engaged in enfranchisement of nutrient safety direction systems for nutrient concerns ; ( vitamin D ) the process and the enforcement of quality control in relation to any article of nutrient imported into India ; ( vitamin E ) the process and guidelines for accreditation of research labs and presentment of the commissioned research labs ; ( degree Fahrenheit ) the method of trying, analysis and exchange of information among enforcement governments ; 208 ( g ) behavior study of enforcement and disposal of this Act in the Country ; ( H ) nutrient labeling criterions including claims on wellness, nutrition, particular dietetic utilizations and nutrient class systems for nutrients ; and ( I ) the mode in which and the process topic to which hazard analysis, hazard appraisal, hazard communicating and hazard direction shall be undertaken. 6.113 As reportedly nutrient products/commodities derived from transgenic beginnings are being sold in the Country, the Committee desired to cognize about the action taken by the Authority with a position to modulate the distribution, sale and import of such points. In response they were informed that at present all affairs refering to GM Organisms including GM nutrient is regulated by Genetic Engineering Approval Committee of the Ministry of Environment & A ; Forest in the Country. 6.114 Asked farther if the Authority by agencies of a specified ordinance defined bounds for usage of nutrient additives, harvests contaminations, pesticide residues, residues of veterinary drugs, heavy metals, treating AIDSs, myco- toxinz, antibiotics and pharmacological active substances and irradiation of nutrient, it was submitted that the bill of exchange Food Safety and Standards Regulations, 2010 were published vide Notification dated 20-10-2010 for ask foring public remarks. Based on the remarks received, the Regulations are under procedure of finalisation. ( 1 ) The usage of nutrient additives and their bounds and irradiation of nutrients are covered under Food Safety and Standards ( Food Merchandises criterions and Food Additive ) Regulations, 2011. ( 2 ) The definitions and bounds etc. of heavy metals, harvest contaminations, myco-toxinz, pesticide residues and residue of veterinary drugs, antibiotics are covered under separate ordinance viz. Food Safety and Standards ( Contaminants, Toxins and Residues ) Regulations, 2011. ( 3 ) The labelling of Irradiated Foods is given under Food Safety and Standards ( Packaging and Labelling ) Regulations, 2011. 6.115 It was further submitted that the above Regulations are in line with bing Prevention of Food Adulteration Rules, 1955 which will be repealed 209 after the new ordinances are notified shortly. The Chapter on Processing Aids has non been prescribed soon and this will be considered by Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavouring, Processing Aids and Material in Contact with Food before the bill of exchange Regulations in this respect are published for public remarks. 6.116 About the Authority holding specified mechanisms and guidelines for accreditation of enfranchisement organic structures engaged in enfranchisement of nutrient safety direction systems for nutrient concerns, the Committee were told that the figure and capablenesss of regulative bureaus in the provinces, municipalities and panchayets are presently unequal and it will take some clip for constructing up a strong cell of nutrient safety officers across the state. Keeping in position the accent placed by the Act on ego conformity, it is necessary for the Food Authority to set in topographic point elaborate counsel paperss on nutrient safety demands to be followed by nutrient concern operators. This will enable FBOs to measure themselves against these demands and retain grounds of their due diligence in this respect. 6.117 The Act specifies that the primary duty for safety is on the nutrient concern operators and for this, execution of appropriate nutrient safety direction systems is indispensable for which the FBO can be held accountable. The FSSAI as a portion of its ordinances has developed mention paperss which prescribe and provide degrees of safety and supply guidelines and norms which can at the same clip, be evaluated. FBOs are required to follow with these demands with whatever resources available and bit by bit achieve acceptable degrees of safety. In a sector which is characterised by complex engineering, unorganized operations and big figure of little participants, merely a flexible system of ego conformity, to be sporadically audited by the regulator, will be executable. The grade of conformity can so be checked by periodic regulative review. It will besides incentivise better safety patterns in industry, thereby cut downing the demand for frequent reviews. 6.118 The undermentioned bill of exchange paperss have been developed to back up the model through competent execution bureau: Requirements for enfranchisement organic structures / Inspection Bodies 210 Procedure for Recognition of Certification / Inspection Bodies by FSSAI and application signifier India HACCP criterions demands Agreement to be signed between recognized CBs/IBs and FSSAI Agreement between FSSAI and NABCB Certification standards for Food Safety Professional along with competency demands. Certification Process of Food Safety Professionals 6.119 To a question of the Committee as to whether the process and the enforcement of quality control in relation to any article of nutrient imported into India in general and of commodities/food merchandises derived from transgenic beginnings has been specified by the Authority, it was stated that the following Model for Safety of Imported Food has been laid down by FSSAI: Demand for imported nutrient points has increased well in India co-occuring with the impressive economic growing achieved by the State and coincident alterations in the import ordinances since last few old ages. Imports into India are permitted to be made through 255 entry points. These include 82 imposts ports, 32 imposts airdromes, 132 land imposts Stationss and 9 foreign station offices/sub-foreign station offices. Harmonizing to Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence & A ; Statisticss ( DGCI & A ; S ) , Ministry of Commerce, information India imported more than 76 lakh MTs of nutrient points during 2007-08 and 2008-09. Under the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006, the Food Authority has besides the authorization of guaranting safety of nutrient points imported into the state. Port Health Officers ( PHOs ) of Directorate General of Health Servicess ( DGHS ) who were executing the responsibility of taking samples of imported nutrient points under subdivision 6 of PFA Act and acquiring tested in Cardinal Food Laboratories ( CFLs ) or PFA labs in States had withdrawn from the services related imported nutrient safety at some of the ports. Keeping in position the authorization under FSS Act and based on the treatment & A ; deliberations, it was realized that the FSSAI should acquire 211 into the procedure of imported nutrient clearance through assignment of Authorized Military officers in pursuit of subdivision 47 ( 5 ) of FSS Act, 2006 and take over the maps of PHOs where services had been withdrawn by DGHS. The FSSAI has operationalized the Food Import Clearance Process since August-September, 2010 in a phased mode through assignment of Authorized Officers in footings of subdivision 47 ( 5 ) of the FSS Act, 2006, at Chennai, Kolkata, Haldia, Mumbai and JNPT havens, Chennai International Airport, Mumbai International Airport, Kolkata International Airport, Indira Gandhi International Airport, New Delhi, CONCOR-ICD Tughlakabad, CWC-ICD Patparganj, ICD Faridabad/Ballabhgarh, ICD Dadri and ICD Loni in the NCR part. The maps of the FSSAIaa‚Â ¬a„?s Authorized Officer inter alia include the bing maps of the Port Health Officer under the PFA Act, 1954 with regard to imported nutrient clearance procedure, in co-ordination with the Customs governments. Adequate Numberss of NABL accredited research labs have been authorized at these locations for analysis of samples of imported nutrient points. MIS system to set import activities online has already been developed and pilot tally has been started at Chennai w.e.f. 1st June, 2011. Draft Food Import Regulations have besides been developed. Entire 29,756 Samples ( till 31st May, 2011 ) tested so far out which 152 were non-conforming. 6.120 The FSSAI will besides develop informations base for hazard based nutrient clearance system in due class.

Project management tools and technique Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Project management tools and technique - Thesis Example 2). Besides the differences in uniqueness and repeatability, project management is different from operations management in that it is revolutionary and is based on transient resources while the latter is evolutionary and based on stable resources (Select Knowledge 2001, p. 9). Literature Review Project Management Standards, Methodologies and Bodies of Knowledge Morris and Pinto (2007, p. 243) explain the reasons behind the interest in a global approach towards project management standards, qualifications and body of knowledge including international competitiveness, concern of possible fragmentation of the project management field and demands from multinational practitioners. Since project management is a field experiencing considerable growth, there is bound to be differences in the bodies of knowledge and standards arising from various perspectives. As a result, there is the need for the establishment of universal standards, methodologies and body of knowledge to guide the field. T he first body of knowledge under consideration is the PMBOK, established by the PMI (Project Management Institute) which took the earliest steps to professionalise project management. The PMBOK earlier on sought to codify the knowledge behind the field of project management but later realised it was quite a dynamic field and instead developed itself into good practice. The PMBOK Guide now serves as an accreditation tool for educational institutions and a test on it also serves as part of the qualifying process in the US Project Management Professional (PMP) certification. It is the most widely used body of knowledge in project management and has nine areas of knowledge on projects: management of integration, scope, quality, human resource,... The intention of this study is Project Management Standards, Methodologies and Bodies of Knowledge (PMBOK).The first body of knowledge under consideration is the PMBOK, established by the Project Management Institute which took the earliest steps to professionalise project management. The PMBOK earlier on sought to codify the knowledge behind the field of project management but later realised it was quite a dynamic field and instead developed itself into good practice. The PMBOK Guide now serves as an accreditation tool for educational institutions and a test on it also serves as part of the qualifying process in the US Project Management Professional certification. It is the most widely used body of knowledge in project management and has nine areas of knowledge on projects: management of integration, scope, quality, human resource, procurement, cost, time, communications and risk. The next body of knowledge is the APMBOK (Association of Project Management Body of Knowledge) which w as developed in the UK. It forms the basis of accreditation, qualification, research and publication in the UK. The areas covered in the APMBOK include management of context, planning of strategy, execution, techniques, business and commercial considerations and lastly governance and organisation of people and the profession. The British Standard BS6079-1: 2002 provides guidance on the planning and execution of projects and the use of techniques in project management. It is more standards-based and has been revised a number of time in the last seven years to ensure it accommodates the most recent technology and practices in project management.

The Legalization Of The Same-Sex Marriages Essay

The Legalization Of The Same-Sex Marriages - Essay Example The issue of same-sex marriage is a topic that will always garner controversies and it is hardly possible to establish any single perspective considering the myriad social, ethical, philosophical, religious and political aspects. According to a national study conducted by the University of Queensland, given the choice, 54 percent of same-sex partners are prepared to get married while 80 percent of Australians who are maintaining the same-sex relationship will advocate such marriages even if they do not wish to marry. There are many legal benefits for married couples and it is even more important for same-sex couples since they experience denial of legal rights because of social prejudices (12 Reasons Why Marriage Equality Matters, n.d.). There are other cultural benefits like each partner will feel more responsible towards the other. Moreover, it has been seen that if legal recognition is not given to same-sex marriages then it can have the adverse impact on the physical and mental h ealth of the partners involved. Social discrimination can lead to severe depression and lower self-esteem among these people. Such cases are more common among the young LGBTs who become prone towards running away from home, substance abuse, and suicidal tendencies (Renzetti & Edleson, 2008, p.337). If I am to consider my own opinion on this topic I will say homosexuals need not be subjected to any kind of discriminations and should be accepted with open arms within the society because being a homosexual is completely natural and harmless. There are a number of arguments against same-sex marriage. Children adopted by these couples are brought up away from one parent like lesbian couples will raise their children apart from fathers and vice versa. Thus the individual role of each parent like social security from fathers and emotional security from mothers will be absent for these children.

Reflection on a recent media-related news item Essay - 1

Reflection on a recent media-related news item - Essay Example agency based in Toronto initially known for inventing Catvertising receives another honor of having being the pioneers and originators of Reactvertising (Wheaton, 2014). John St describes Reactvertising as not as the art of fun or being smart but having the ability to work faster on advertisement. Working faster and maintaining the standards appears to be the primary concern of many of the speed writers in the promotional video (Wheaton, 2014). The respondents raise their concern if they are to write whatever pops in their minds or ignore the old style of thinking and adopt Reactivism. According to one of the client’s testimonial, in the video the John saint provisions state that no one has better thinking than others do (Wheaton, 2014). Social media are changing the dynamics of contents in marketing and advertisement. The historical ways of advertisement were procedural from the warehouses to the advertisement Medias like the newspaper broadcasts or radio and televisions. The dynamics in marketing in the social media such as Facebook and twitter have since improved the speed of advertising with communications between brands and customers being direct. Wheaton, K. (2014). The Next Logical Step in Real-Time Marketing: Reactvertising. Retrieved on November 3, 2014, from

The importance and impact of Training and Development of employees Essay

The importance and impact of Training and Development of employees - Essay Example Training and development do not come cheap, but in a competitive commercial environment a failure to realize the human potential within an organization can be very costly (HR Magazine). Training and development are not only the responsibility of the organization, but also of the individual employees. Given that training and development require an investment by both the individual and the organization, an investment that can be measured in both financial and time terms, it is important that both partners receive value for money. It is also important to note that training and development do not occur in an organizational vacuum – they should be linked to the overall goals and strategies of the organization and to the life goals and strategies of the individual (Aguinis and Kraiger 452).In this paper, I will endeavor to define what organizations, specifically the Human Resource Department, mean by training and development, and how these processes impact the organizations’ performance and success. Towards the end of this research stories of three recognized international companies that have shown success and growth through recognizing the importance of investing in training and development will be discussed.In order to understand how training and development benefit an organization’s performance and success, concepts relating to training and development need to be discussed first. ... Defining Training and Development: In order to understand how training and development benefit an organization’s performance and success, concepts relating to training and development need to be discussed first. These concepts that will be covered in this section of the paper are: learning, training, development, education, coaching, and mentoring. Learning Learning is the process by which behavior and attitudes are changed. One of the major debates in child development and education has been on the question of how much behavior is innate and how much is learnt – the ‘‘nature or nurture’’ debate. A psychological definition of learning is â€Å"any change in the general activity of an organism the effects of which persist and recur over a period of time and which are strengthened by repetition and practice† (Thomson 215). Although this is quite an old definition, it covers the major points about learning very comprehensively – the fact that learning persists and recurs and that it is strengthened by repetition and practice. Indeed, if the new behavior does not persist then it is generally accepted that learning has not occurred. Training Training is very specific and is concerned with the mastering of a particular task or set of tasks. At its most basic, training does not require understanding of the whys and wherefores. It is fairly easy to train a pigeon to select a particular shape from a collection of shapes or a Seeing Eye dog to guide a human being around obstacles or to sniff out drugs and explosives. The training process with animals involves rewards and punishments – a food treat as reward and a harsh word

Historical Homes in Natchez Mississippi Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Historical Homes in Natchez Mississippi - Essay Example Natchez is one of Mississippi’s oldest cities and was founded in 1716. It is also famous as the southern terminus of the National Trace Parkway, located along the River Mississippi. Due to its strategic location, the city became famous in American history for the role it played in the development of the Old South West. Lorenz, Karl G. (2000). Natchez is the county seat (National Association of Counties. 2008) of and the largest and only incorporated city within Adams County, Mississippi, in the United States. According to a census taken in 2000, Natchez has a population of about 18, 464 people. According to archaeological findings, the original site of Natchez was the chief ceremonial village that was occupied by an Indian tribe since the 8th century. The society of Natchez was segregated according to matrilineal descent into nobles and commoners and their chief was called the â€Å"Great Sun.† At Natchez, the Grand Village of the Natchez Indians is well preserved as a great National Historic Landmark, and is maintained by the Mississippi Department of Archives and History. Natchez Mississippi is very famous for some of the most interesting historical landmarks in the world. Our study would also cover this aspect of investigating the different important historical landmarks and make a detailed study of each one of them. Some of these important landmarks include Natchez National Historical Park, Fort Rosalie and many other interesting landmarks. Natchez National Historical Park celebrates the rich and interesting cultural history of Natchez, Mississippi and gives us an interpretation of the pivotal role that the city exhibited in the settlement of the Old Southwest, the Cotton Kingdom and the Antebellum South. The Park comprised of three different units and Fort Rosalie is the location of an 18th Century fortification built by the French which was

Tourism Sculpture Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Tourism Sculpture - Assignment Example Barossa International sculpture symposium, which took place in 1988, resulted to Barossa Sculpture Park after nine sculptors met and carved sculptures in granite and local marble. The park is situated at Mengler Hill Rd, a short distance from Tanunda by car. The sculptures were created to express the spirit and ambience of Barossa as well as reflect the environment (Mayer, 2013). The challenges facing this sculpture park is lack of playing grounds for children and poor access to public mode of transport. The China Changchun International sculpture symposia have resulted to Changchun world Sculpture Park and five other sculpture parks. The Changchun World Sculpture Park has 451 sculptures made by 400 national sculptors from various regions and countries and is located at the South of Renmin Street, at Urban City. The park is enormous with large bronze and stone sculptures, over 6 meters tall, at the parkland setting. It also has a scene of a huge lake that adds to the park’s serenity. Changchun world Sculpture Park is spread over 90 hectares of land and has the largest sculptures in China. The park has displayed hundreds of African woodcarving, foreign and Chinese fine sculptures. Marble sculpture International symposia resulted to sculpture park in Thassos with the help of Emmy Varouxaki who invited and hosted artists in Thassos and provide them with raw materials to create their works at the marble of Thassos . The sculpture park of Thassos is located at the olive groove of Lampidis family in Kalirahi village.

Politics and Administration Essay Example for Free

Politics and Administration Essay Introduction 186, 207, 221? Power Struggle between the pro-democratic and pro-conservatism One of the reasons that led to such a tragic end for Tiananmen Movement is the power struggle between the two camps of leaders, pro-democratic (Former General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, Zhao Ziyang) and pro-conservatism (Deng Xiao Ping). In 2009, a memoir was published based on audiotapes recorded by Zhao Ziyang, called Prisoner of the State: The Secret Journal of Premier Zhao Ziyang, he mentioned that he â€Å"didn’t want to be a General Secretary who opens fire on the people. † From this, we could clearly tell by that time, Zhao differed in opinion from Deng and other conservative leaders, like Li Peng on how to handle the student movement, i.e. whether to pursue a peaceful or a military solution. http://blog.foolsmountain.com/2009/06/03/tiananmen-1989-a-need-for-dialogue-20-years-later/ One very crucial turning point that we know is that by that time, the CCP General Secretary made a scheduled official visit to North Korea, which turned out to be a bad decision at the time of turmoil; this was because on April 26th CCP Central issued an editorial on Peoples Daily in the absence of Zhao Ziyang, which was titled Uphold the flag to unambiguously oppose any turmoil, denouncing that the patriotic student movement as a turmoil ignited by an extremely small handful of opportunists. http://www.alliance.org.hk/64/6420/?page_id=521 According to Wu Jiaxiang, a former aide and a leading political scientist in Beijing, Zhao Ziyang, before leaving for North Korea on April 21st, had instructed that no politburo meeting should be held in his absence but other CCP leaders, likle Yang Shankun Li Peng immediately convened a CCP Expanded Poliburo Meeting, then reported to Deng Xiaoping with meeting opinions, and then borrowed Deng Xiaopings mouth in stating that CCP should not fear bloodshed. And in Zhao Zhiyangs self account, recorded by Yang Jisheng, he claimed that it was li Ximing Chen Xitong who contacted Wan Li on the night of April 21st in request of convening a commissar meeting; that Wan Li relayed the info to Li Peng. Later, according to ________, Li Peng convened the meeting on the night of 24th, reported it to Deng Xiaoping on 25th, and was authorized to relay Dengs opinions to communist cadres; and that Li Peng took advantage of the occasion to draft a newspaper commentary for publication on April 26th. By the time Zhao returned to China after the scheduled visit, he found it was just too late to remedy the situation as hostilities between the government and the people have been greatly aggravated. Other than the mis-communication over the Peoples Dailys editorial, we may gain further insights into the power struggle between the party leaders by taking a look at a previous document obtained by CNN and written by Bao Tong, a close aide to Zhao Ziyang, describing in detail the events leading up to the crackdown on student protests in Tiananmen Square on June 4, 1989. September 25, 1989 Comrade Hu Yaobang died on April 15, soon after which the student demonstrations began. I was extremely worried. Comrade Xiaoping pointed out in his speech on April 25 that the overwhelming priority in China is stability I completely agreed with his point; I also wanted to maintain stability and prevent turmoil. Specifically, I wanted to make an effort to reduce tensions and to avoid precipitating the tension into clashes. The Peoples Daily April 26th editorial, in my view, was harsh in language and lacked analysis and persuasiveness; I had my reservations about it. On May 19 and 20, the Central Committee announced the decision to send the military into Beijing and declare martial law; in my heart, I believed we made a terribly wrong move; I was afraid that we would be trapped in a very difficult situation, riding a tiger, hard to get-off. The Central Standing Committee collectively criticized Comrade Zhao Ziyang; I felt it was unfair. 1.1 It was I who first informed Comrade Ziyang that the April 26th editorial had aggravated the confrontational mood of students and people who had previously taken a neutral position. Comrade Ziyang returned to Beijing from North Korea on April 30th. As soon as he returned, I reported to him as follows: Students have been demonstrating in the streets since April 27th. There were so many of them that it was impossible to blockade; there were also lots of onlookers following them. Some government officials sympathized with the demonstrations. There were signs that the incident was escalating and expanding; there were a great number of students and others who resented the April 26th editorial and believed that it was hostile towards them. I spoke about my opinion of the editorial: the positive side of the editorial was that it presented Comrade Xiaopings thoughts that China must maintain stability and must not fall into turmoil. However, the editorial was written in a very harsh tone, did not adequately present reasons and lacked analysis. It also did not take into consideration the acceptance of people who were previously neutral. Since there were so many people who believed that the editorial was hostile to them, it was obvious that the editorial did not express its ideas clearly. Comrade Ziyang did not express his own opinions at that time. After a few days, he said to me: It seems that there are flaws in the editorial. Comrade Ziyang certainly formulated his opinions in his own way, but it was I who first reported to him about the editorial with this point of view. http://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/asiapcf/east/04/22/tiananmen.document.01/ Students Uncollective Actions As discussed above, power struggle among the party leaders is one of the factors in leading to the unwanted tragedy of the June 4th Movement, but as I argue down below, the chaotic and unsystematic internal management of various student movements are by nature underlying factors to the tragedy. After the April 27 demonstration, the government commenced to open up dialogues with students, and the government seemed to take the initiative to adopt a more positive approach towards the student movement. The governments willingness to concede and negotiate have lit up the hope for the majority of students that the entire student movement might come to a peaceful end(Source: Book) Yet, almost by the same time, the leadership and organization of the movement among the student leaders became problematic. Not only did the student movement organizations hold different points of views towards the movement strategies, some of the student leaders also paid no respect to organizational claims, and much often instead, they themselves acted on behalf of their organizations. One fine example would be the case of Zhou Yongjun, who was the president of Beijing Autonomous Federation. He helped organize another big demonstration on May 4. However, without any consent from his fellows and colleagues, he announced the end of class strike without a clear resolution within the leadership. http://www.standoffattiananmen.com/2009/04/people-of-1989-zhou-yongjun.html In order to better describe the dividing powers among the student leaders during the late stages of June 4th Movement, Zhao (2001) simply grouped the student demonstrators by that time into three groups, which are called respectively Dialogue Delegation Group, Beijing Students Autonomous Group and the so-called charismatic group http://site.ebrary.com.eproxy1.lib.hku.hk/lib/hkulibrary/docDetail.action?docID=10402626 As Zhao (2001) noted, the students that belonged to Dialogue Delegation Group were eager for the coming dialogue with the government. References Gonzales, Eduardo, L. and Gillespie, C.G. (1994). Presidentialism and Democratic Stability in Uruguay. In J. J. Linz and A. Valenzuela (Ed.), The Failure of Presidential Democracy, Comparative Perspective (pp. 151 – 178). Baltimore: The John Hopkins University Press Hanan, D. (2007). Presidentialism, parliamentarism and semi-presidentialism: Incentives and disincentives in achieving multiple democratic goals. Retrieved from http://djayadihanan.blogspot.com/2007/12/presidentialism-parliamentarism-and.html Linz, Juan J. (1994). The Failure of Presidential Democracy. The Case of Latin America. In J. J. Linz and A. Valenzuela (Ed.), Presidential or Parliamentary Democracy: Does it Make a Difference? (pp.7).Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press Maeda, K. Nishikawa M. (2006). Duration of Party Control in Parliamentary and Presidential Governments: A Study of Sixty-Five Democracies, 1950-1998. Retrieved from http://www.bsu.edu/web/mnishikawa/MaedaNishikawa2006CPS.pdf Mainwaring, S. (1993). Presidentialism, Multipartiism, and Democracy, The Difficult Combination. Comparative Political Studies, Vol. 26 No. 2 (pp. 198 – 228) Mainwaring, S. Shugart, M. (1993). Juan Linz, presidentialism, and democracy: A critical appraisal. Retrieved from http://www.nd.edu/~kellogg/publications/workingpapers/WPS/200.pdf Power, Timothy and Mark J. Gasiorowski. (1997). Institutional Design and Democratic Consolidation in the Third World. Comparative Political Studies. Shugart, M. S., Carey, J. M. (1992). Presidents and assemblies: constitutional design and electoral dynamics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Valenzuela, A. (1994). Party Politics and the Crisis of Presidentialism in Chile: A Proposal for a Parliamentary Form of Government. In J. J. Linz and A. Valenzuela (Ed.), The Failure of Presidential Democracy The Case of Latin America (pp. 93). Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press

Outlining Career Goals Essay Example for Free

Outlining Career Goals Essay For this unit, you will write a 3-5 page paper (excluding title and reference pages) summarizing what you have learned about your chosen profession so far. It should be double-spaced, 12-point font, and use proper APA citations. Be sure you use the Writing Center and ask your instructor any questions before the assignment is due. See below for details. Incorporating your reading and research thus far in the course, write a 3-5 page paper (APA style), excluding title and reference pages, regarding your chosen profession. Your paper should include the following sections: overview of the profession educational requirements including any relevant certifications or credentials current issues relevant to your profession, summary of your career goals, and where you see yourself in 5 years. Your paper should include an introduction, topic sentence, supporting statements for each paragraph, and a conclusion. You will be graded not only on the content but your writing and format. Please see the project rubric located in the course syllabus. Outlining Career Goals Keyanna Retic Kaplan University Depending upon the size of the facility, location, and specialty, duties of a Medical assistant may vary. Medical assistant specialty is to complete all clinical tasks and administrative tasks in hospitals, physician offices, and other health care clinics. Their duties may include taking a patients vital signs and history, arranging appointments for patients, helping the physician with examinations, following physician orders and administering injections, and preparing blood samples for testing. When obtaining all the patients information, it is important for Medical Assistants to keep the patients information private and is not to be discussed with anyone but other physicians who are involved with the patients. They work in clean environments and relate with the patients, doctors and other medical professionals. Medical assistants are very busy and are required to complete a certain amount of tasks on a daily basis. They usually work 40 hours a week but some may work only part-time. There are different types of Medical Assistants and different duties depending on where the Medical Assistant practices. There are three types of medical assistants: administrative, specialized, and clinical. Administrative medical assistants are basically responsible for organizing all information in the facility. Specialized medical assistants deal with assisting in operating rooms, x-rays, help doctors administer eye care, instruct on contact lens usage, and work in all other types of specialized treatment centers. Clinical medical assistants mainly assist the doctors in the examination room and perform duties such as, drawing blood, administer medication, vital signs, change dressings, prep patients for x-rays and keeping work environment clean. Medical assistants have to learn how to multi-task. Sponsors believe that medical assistants are required to complete duties in a short period of time and learn how to keep up with all patients that they take care of and keep all important information all in the same hour. It may take some time getting used to but it is all a part of becoming a medical assistant. They also have to learn how to respond to the patients and keep in mind of the patients beliefs. There may come a time when medical assistants have to deal with mean and rude patients or even patients that are in a lot of pain, but that is why the medical assistant is there and certified for. Knowing how to deal with certain patients and their pain levels is a big priority in the medical field, so the best thing is to just have a mindset of calm and collective thoughts. Having the love and mindset for this job will make things so much easier and fun. I like anatomy and physiology. I like to read medical information and having the love in the medical field will help things run smooth and happy. On the job training is a faster way to become a medical assistant and it is possible to start a career in medical assisting that way although many people prefer to go through a training program or receive appropriate education. Typical medical assistant training programs lead to a degree or certificate, and last one or two years, respectively (QuinStreet, Inc, 2003-2012). The Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP) or the Accrediting Bureau of Health Education Schools (ABHES) is medical assistant programs that the medical assistants go through to receive internships at clinics or hospitals. Medical terminology, physiology and anatomy, medical law, ethics, and patient relations are medical courses to be taken upon medical training. Keyboarding, record-keeping, accounting procedures, and insurance processing are office training courses. First aid, laboratory and clinical procedures, and administering medications are taught to students in the program. But although there is no national licensing requirements, depending on the state that the medical assistant decides to work in, medical assistants may have to receive a license to complete certain duties. One of several agencies certifies medical assistants and it is very important to get certified if medical assistants decide to apply for entry level positions. My first priority in starting my career as a medical assistant is to become certified first. Setting goals is one of the best methods that I can do in order to achieve and become a medical assistant. As a medical assistant, a goal that I would like to accomplish is getting involved in activities such as the American Association of Medical Assistants. The AAMA offer education opportunities so that medical assistants can enhance their educational skills and it offers seminars to attend. Getting involved in programs can help lead to career improvements and getting involved is another goal I have set for myself to push me forward. I would also like to become certified in different fields. The more fields I am certified in, the more money I will make and have more job duties to perform. As I move forward in my career, I will make it my goal to push myself harder into taking on high quality task and responsibilities. I will work extra hard to get promoted and receive other opportunities in my field, like becoming office manager. I am prepared to learn new things and enhance my knowledge. If any opportunities come my way, I am open and acceptable to anything. I am willing to put forth effort my success and stay dedicated as a medical assistant. I can see a clear picture of myself in a physician’s office putting my knowledge to work and doing what I love which is helping others. I can see myself advancing and making everyone proud. I know that it will take some time for me to complete all that I need to but in the end it will be worth the wait. In 5 years I hope to settle into an office where I know I will retire from and be happy. But the main thing for me is, that I will go with the flow and according to my facility I work in. I will just have to make wise decisions and keep my head up. I will never settle for less and work really hard and accept everything that I know I deserve. If trials and tribulations get in the way, I know that I will need to keep pushing forward. Medical assistants have to learn how to multi-task. They are required to complete duties in a short period of time and learn how to keep up with all patients that they take care of and keep all important information all in the same hour. It may take some time getting used to but it is all a part of becoming a medical assistant. They also have to learn how to respond to the patients and keep in mind of the patients beliefs. There may come a time when medical assistants have to deal with mean and rude patients or even patients that are in a lot of pain, but that is why the medical assistant is there and certified for. Knowing how to deal with certain patients and their pain levels is a big priority in the medical field, so the best thing is to just have a mindset of calm and collective thoughts. Having the love and mindset for this job will make things so much easier and fun. I like anatomy and physiology. I like to read medical information and having the love in the medical field will help things run smooth and happy. References QuinStreet, Inc. (2003-2012). Healthcare careers: Your information resource for education, training, and schools in the medical and allied healthcare fields. Retrieved from www.health-care-careers.org/medical-assistant-career-training.html Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Handbook, 2012-13 Edition, Medical Assistant, on the Internet at www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/medical-assistants.htm Sponsors. (n.d.). Medical assisting career job and training information. Retrieved from www.awesomelibrary.org/medical-assisting-career.html

Edward Morgan Forsters A Room With A View to James Ivory

Edward Morgan Forsters A Room With A View to James Ivory Table of Contents Introduction The Author (Edward Morgan Forster) and Director (James Ivory) Plot Summary Intersemiotic Translation of The Novel Major changes in the plot structure Characters in the movie and the novel Production (lighting/ camera/ music/ casting ) Themes Conclusion References Introduction Adapting a literary work into film is a process of translating the literary text into a visual text. In On Linguistic Aspects of Translation Roman Jakobson distinguishes three kinds of translation: intralingual (or rewording), interlingual (or translation proper) and intersemiotic translation (or transmutation). Intralingual translation involves the interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs in the same language whereas interlingual translation is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other language. The third category, intersemiotic translation or transmutation is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of non verbal sign systems . In Roman Jakobsons classification, intersemiotic translation includes adaptation of literary works into film. Jakobson specifically mentions cinema as one of the intersemiotic options for translating the untranslatable and writes that only creative transposition is possible. Jakobsons concept of intersemiotic transposition from one system of signs into another, for instance from verbal art into music, dance, cinema or painting allows us to consider film adaptations within the realm of intertextuality as intersemiotic translation of words into film images. Julie Sanders in Adaptation and Appropriation also defines adaptation as a specific process involving the transition from one genre to another: novels into film; drama into musical; dramatization of prose narratives and prose fiction; or the inverse movement of making drama into prose narrative. Since, film as an art has close relation to literature in its use of plot, characters, setting, dialogue and imagery, its strategies of expression and its tendency to manipulate space and time; one of the most seen kind of intersemiotic translation would be a literary work into film. In this paper, the novel A Room With A View and its intersemiotic translation example, the movie with the same title will be discussed. Since the novel adapted twice to screen, t is necessary to make it clear that this study deals with Merchant- Ivory movie in 1985 in terms of the effects of the author and the director on both the source and the translation; a small plot summary will be provided to give an insigh t to literary work and plot structure of the novel, and intersemiotic translation will be evaluated through plot structure, characters in the movie, technicalities such as casting, production design, music and camera; themes in the literary work. II. The Author and The Director Edward Morgan Forster (1 January 1879 7 June 1970) Edward Morgan Forster was a novelist and short story writer. He is known best for his ironic and well-plotted novels examining class difference and hypocrisy in early 20th-century British society. It is notably apparent that Forsters work always includes a part of his life once you learn about Forsters life story. In 1897 he went to Kings College, Cambridge where he found congenial friends, the atmosphere of free intellectual discussion and an emphasis on the importance of personal relationships. During his time at Cambridge he also began to write fiction. He started questioning his inherited conventional Christian morality and learned about secular humanism, which appears at the heart of his work. The pursuit of personal connections in spite of the constraints of contemporary society has a profound influence on most of his work such as A Room With A View. After leaving Cambridge, he travelled in Europe and Asia including Italy, Greece, Germany, India and Egypt. His stay at a Florence pension helped him with the setting of A Room with a View in a similar establishment. Traveling experience developed Forsters cosmopolitanism and his interest in foreign cultures, reflected in A Passage to India and A Room with a View. It may also account for the sexual frustration in some of his books that he had troubles to come to terms with his homosexuality due to contemporary restrictions. In the following chapter, it will be explained shortly how it changed the cinematography in the movie, A Room With A View. Forster had five novels published in his lifetime and achieved his greatest success with A Passage to India (1924) which is about the relationship between East and West, seen through the lens of India in the later days of the British Raj. He is also noted for his use of symbolism as a technique in his novels as can be seen in this relevant novel. His other works include Where Angels Fear to Tread (1905), The Longest Journey (1907), A Room with a View (1908). James Ivory (born June 7, 1928) James Francis Ivory (born June 7, 1928) is an American film director. III. Plot Summary Lucy Honeychurch, a young English woman, is vacationing with her cousin, Charlotte Bartlett at an Italian pension for British guests. They are vacationing in Florence, Italy together. While complaining about the poor views of their room, Lucy and Charlotte are interrupted by another guest, an old man called Mr. Emerson. Mr. Emerson offers them a room swap because he and his son George are both in rooms that present beautiful views of Florence. Charlotte refuses since for a woman to accept such an offer from a man would make her look like she owes something to him. But later that evening, Charlotte accepts the offer. Emersons are socially unacceptable by the snobbish standards of the other guests but Lucy likes them. One day, while Lucy is walking alone in Florence, she witnesses a murder. George happens to be there as well and he catches her when she faints. Later that week, they ride into the hills near Florence with other guests. While others wandering around the hills, Lucy finds herself alone. She comes to an earth terrace covered with violets, and finds herself face-to-face with George. He kisses her, but the kiss is interrupted by Charlotte. Part 2 beginning after several months takes the reader to Windy Corner, the Honeychurch home in Surrey, England. In Rome, Lucy has spent a good deal of time with a man named Cecil Vyse. In Italy, Cecil has proposed to Lucy twice. She has rejected him both times. As Part 2 begins, Cecil is proposing yet again. This time, she accepts. Cecil, an aristocratic Londoner, despises the ways of the country upper circle. At Charlottes request, she has never told anyone about her kiss with George. But before too long, the Emersons move into a villa not far from Windy Corner. She continues her engagement to Cecil even though to the reader, it is obvious that they are completely unsuitable for each other. Lucy persists in the engagement. Freddy invites George to come play tennis. Lucy gets nervous about what might happen. Cecil refuses to play tennis and reads aloud from a bad British novel. Lucy realizes that the novel is written by Miss Lavish, a woman from their pension in Florence. Cecil reads a particular passage, which is a fictional recreation of her kiss with George. She realizes that Charlotte told Miss Lavish what happened. George is there during the reading of the passage. On the way back to the house, George catches Lucy alone in the garden and kisses her again. Afterwards, having Charlotte sit in the room as support and witness Lucy orders George never to return to Windy Corner. George argues with her passionately. He tells her that Cecil is unsuitable for her and that Cecil will never love her enough to want her to be independent. George loves her for who she is. Lucy is shaken by his words but she stands firm. George leaves, heartbroken. Later, something makes Lucy see him truthfully for the first time. She breaks off the engagement that very night. But Lucy still cannot admit to anyone, including herself, her feelings for George. Rather than stay at Windy Corner and face George, she resolves to leave for Greece. But one day not long before she is supposed to leave, she goes to church with her mother and Charlotte and meets Mr. Emerson in the ministers study. Mr. Emerson does not know that Lucy has broken off the engagement, but Lucy realizes before long that she cannot lie to the old man. She talks with him, and Mr. Emerson realizes that she has deep feelings for George. He presses the issue, forcing her to confront her own feelings. Finally, she admits that she has been fighting her love for George all along. The novel closes in Florence, where George and Lucy are spending their honeymoon. Lucy has eloped with George. Even though Lucy does not have her familys consent and it seems difficult to fix her situation with the family, there is still hope that it will get better. George and Lucy have each other now. IV. Intersemiotic Translation of the Novel Major changes in the plot structure A novel is completely a product of its writer; however, a movie is created with cooperation between the crew and the director. There are many factors that can change the movie such as screenwriters, art directors, producers, etc. For this reason, it is necessary to remember that a movie cannot be fully faithful to a novel (in the case of book to film intersemiotic translations) in order to make sense of the shifts in translations. Considering movies only last for a few hours, any attempt to include every detail of a novel in the translation (movie) would be futile. Nevertheless, visual and auditory elements help directors a good deal to reflect many details in a book; sometimes resulting in a better version of our imagination thanks to production and director. In order to create the best version of the translation, the director may omit the parts and/or add some other features to the characters or new events to the plot. During the process of this work, the crew and the director face constraints resulting from the novel or the style of the author. As mentioned earlier in Introduction, A Room with a View was adapted for the screen twice, in 1985 and again in 2007. The first film is a 117-minute British production directed by James Ivory, starring Helena Bonham Carter as Lucy, Julian Sands as George, Maggie Smith as Charlotte, Daniel Day-Lewis as Cecil. In this paper, the movie shot in 1985 is being discussed in terms of the relation between the novel of Forster. The screenplay of the movie was written by Ruth Prawer Jhabvala, who brought the movie one of its three Oscars in 1986, and it follows closely the original storyline. There are only a few major changes in the plot structure of A Room With A View such as Cecil disappearing from the chapter in Italy completely, the relation between Lucy and music, and the ending. The constraints that the director, Ivory and the screenwriter, Jhabvala faced are derived from Forsters notable symbolism. Even though Forster can make a well-balanced structure to imply the symbolism in little details in the book, it is almost impossible to render all the symbolisms. Thats why, director and screenwriter decided to make some omissions and changes in the plot. However, the film follows a classical path of adapting literary works, focusing on the development of the story and being as faithful as possible to the original. The additional elements are there to present in greater detail some aspects only touched by Forster or to emphasize his ideas. The structure of the film is also similar to that of the novel, the story being divided into various parts by Brecht-style intertitl es based on some of the chapters. For instance, there are chapters in the movie named the same as the chapters in the book such as Lying to George (Chapter16). IV. a. 1. Omissions In Chapter VII, it is stated that Lucy meets Cecil Vyse in Rome, and in the following Chapter VIII, characters talk about how they have met in Rome. Nonetheless, in the movie, Cecil never appears in the first part, shot in Italy. Director and screenwriter decided to remove Cecil character from the first part in order to accentuate the symbolism through settings because Forster make the readers compare medieval to renaissance, England to Italy through Cecil and George. Due to time constraints, Cecil has been omitted completely from the first part of the movie. Secondly, the film interprets Georges kiss on the hills near Fiesole as a romantic kiss on the lips. Describing the scene, Forster writes simply that he kissed her (Chapter VI), but he suggests later on that George kissed her on the cheek (Chapters XI, XIII as understood by that touch of lips on her cheek-and Chapter XV). The last omission is about the relationship between Lucy and music. Forster addresses matters such as separation and connection in his fiction often approaching fragmentation through the lens of art. In Art for Arts Sake (1949), he notes that society can only represent a fragment of the human spirità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦another fragment can only get expressed through art. Forster renders music as a symbol for Lucys growth in time. Beethoven, Schumann and Wagner bring Lucy closer to her inexperienced social self with her sophisticated and intuitive musical self. These composers help Lucy develop from a girl who plays it safe and follows the rules of society as Beethoven might have done in his early period into a free-thinking and independent young woman who marries for love against the grain of her social class. Even though in the book, Lucy plays piano often; she plays only three times in the movie. Plot has adjusted due to time constraints but it includes Beethovens Sonata No. 21 Waldste in, Mozarts Sonata No. 8 and Schuberts Sonata No. 4. Every single composer describes a part of Lucys life. It can be concluded that even though there has been omission, the songs and the composers are chosen wisely to reflect the symbolism. IV. a. 2. Additions Although they have not caused important shifts in the translation, there are also scenes that are only narrated in the novel and the film chooses to bring on camera. For example: the lemonade episode (in Chapter III), the violets (here in the film they are cornflowers) for the Miss Alans (Chapters III and X), the conversation between Charlotte and George on the road to Fiesole (Chapter VI), Cecils encounter with the Emersons in the National Gallery -in flashback- (Chapter X) and Freddy singing comic songs and annoying Cecil (who does leave the room, Chapter XIII). Changes in the Characterization The development of the story intertwined with the characteristic development of Lucy within English society as she emancipates herself from the societys constraints. In order to highlight this concept in the story, great effort was assigned to present the other characters as complex personalities as Lucy too in a way that is fairly faithful to the novel. The other characters in the film are not just satellites around the heroine so to say; instead, they have clear paths to follow on their own. For this reason, the film adjusts the characters into more complex personas and improves the reflection of the Edwardian period at the time with relation to their human side. For example, in the Chapter XVII: Lying to Cecil where Lucy breaks off her engagement to Cecil, Cecil seems more typical of Victorian Era. Denying Lucy claiming that she does not mean what she says, Cecil is a simple example of the medieval. However, Cecil in the movie is saddened at the moment Lucy breaks off the engageme nt. It is more likely to see the human part of the character in the film. Moreover, the Edwardian society is also well illustrated, by keeping Forsters critical view of it through some kind of stock characters such as the intellectual woman (Eleanor Lavish), the maiden gentlewomen (the Miss Alans), the free-thinker (Mr Emerson), the prim chaperon (Charlotte Bartlett), the snob (Cecil Vyse), etc.Another difference is that the film does even more than Forster to show that this is also Georges story instead of focusing on Lucy more. It brings on screen episodes that in the novel are just stories told by other characters about him, and gives George more time on the camera. We see his free spirit, his affection for his father, and even his love for Lucy and the effect that it has on him in the film. However, Georges socialist part as mentioned in the first chapter of the book is not include in the movie. It is reflected rather as an ideal. Technicalities IV. c. 1. Production A Room With A View is a product of a collaboration of producer Ismail Merchant and the director, James Ivory, now referred as Merchant- Ivory. Merchant-Ivorys gift was recognizing which masterpieces of world literature would be translated well and provide material that can actually be photographed in addition to superlative prose (which cannot). A Room With A View was ideal with its clash between propriety and passion. The film won Oscar, BAFTA and several significant awards in 1987 and had many nominations as well. The collaboration of Merchant- Ivory reached to its peak with the movie. The screenwriter, Jhabvala, the talented third member of the Merchant / Ivory team did a magnificent adaptation of the novel by being very faithful to Forsters novel and winning the Oscar for the best Screenplay Adapted From Other Material. The movie also won the best Costume Design in Oscar Awards and became a landmark in the rise of the British costume movie. The clothes and the hairstyle of the characters are smart, elegant and proper; indicating the importance of decorum and also stressing the differences of class visually. As an example, Cecils and the Emersons clothes in the National Gallery vary from one another as in their classes, and also the differences of official and high society moments (the engagement party or the dinner party at the Vyses) and leisure activities of lower class such as playing tennis, which require comfortable clothes and between day activities and dinner time. Vincent Canby praised the collaboration of the trio in New York Times Movie Review as follows: As theyve been doing now for over 20 years, Ruth Prawer Jhabvala, who wrote the screenplay for A Room With a View; James Ivory, who directed it, and Ismail Merchant, the producer, have created an exceptionally faithful, ebullient screen equivalent to a literary work that lesser talents would embalm. IV. c. 2. Lighting and Camera Lighting plays a significant role in the production as well. As title gives a hint, A Room With A view is the contradiction between being inside or outside. In order to emphasize it, the scenes indoors have a low lighting to have a gloomy setting as in the mindset of the characters. Director also uses curtains in the film to stress symbolic conflict between indoors and outdoors as in the book with a low lighting. They protect the furniture and characters from the sun so that they will not get older easily. IV. c. 3. Soundtracks Soundtracks are significantly effective so as to take the audience to Italy in the first part of the movie. Most of the soundtracks were composed by Richard Robbins, an American composer. Since music is also an important theme in the novel, soundtracks plays an important role to understand the development of Lucys character, from a girl into a woman who can stand up to the contemporary constraints. For example, the aria Chi il Bel Sogno di Doretta from Puccinis La Rondineone plays in the background of an important scene, quiet a turning point, to understand the movie where George kisses Lucy for the first time. IV. c. 4. Casting The cast is one of the best parts of the film. Many of the actors were quiet young and at the beginning of their career. Critic Vincent Canby wrote in 1986: Miss Bonham Carter gives a remarkably complex performance of a young woman who is simultaneously reasonable and romantic, generous and selfish, and timid right up to the point where she takes a heedless plunge into the unknown. A Room With a View has many rich roles, perfectly acted by a cast made up of both newcomers and familiar performers like Maggie Smith and Denholm Elliott. Themes Propriety and Passion The conflict between contemporary social rules and passion is a central theme of the novel. Lucys match with George is completely unacceptable by social standards. But it is the only match that could make her happy. Her match with Cecil is far more traditional; however, marriage to Cecil would destroy Lucys spirit. The Emersons are unconventional people, far from propriety. Mr. Emerson speaks with great feeling about the importance of passion and the beauty of the human body. The British characters of the novel have very strong ideas about the need to repress passion and control young girls. To achieve happiness, Lucy has to learn to appreciate her own desires and fight these standards, many of which she has internalized. As one of the central themes in novel, the conflict of propriety and passion is a significant themes in the movie as well. Director adjusted the ending as a pà ¼re happy ending in the film even though it is a bittersweet end in the novel to accentuate the contrast. Society and Changing Social Norms: The novel takes place at a transitional moment in British society, as the strict social manners, class hierarchy, and codes of behavior typical of the Victorian period give way to the freedom and liberality of modernity in the 20th century. This results in numerous tensions between new and old ways of thinking and doing things, evident in the contrast between young and old characters. Lucy, for example, has very different ideas about proper behaviour for a lady than does Charlotte or Mrs. Honeychurch. Lucy wants to move away from strict social hierarchies, prejudiced snobbery against the lower classes, and patronizing, sexist attitudes toward women in contrast to Mrs Honeychurch or Mrs. Vyse, who cares so much about maintaining traditional social norms. The casting and the production design play a significant role in transferring this theme to movie. Also a lot of contrasts such as inside and outside or England and Italy show the differences of Victorian and Edwardian Eras thanks to symbolism as well. The beautiful and the delicate Lucy asks in the first chapter if beauty and delicacy are really synonyms. Even though Charletto believes that they are, Lucy is decisive to learn the answer by herself. One of Lucys important lessons is that beauty does not need be refined and anything beautiful in the gesture of kindness may not be appropriate. Lucy learns to see beauty in things that her society finds impropriate or condemns. The film also seeks to represents the difference of the two concepts. V. Conclusion As mentioned above, the film adaptations of the literature works can be analysed as a kind of translation, which takes place between two different media. Unlike written translation, this inter-semiotic translation, or film adaptation, cannot be carried out by rendering each word or phrase into the screen. Therefore, these translations cannot be criticized as just good or bad. The aspects and some specific details such as music, lighting, directing or production design can add so much to the movie whereas these items are left to the readers imagination in a novel. There are several other elements that affect the process of adaptation into the screen, like directors interpretation, the audiences expectation, time restriction, technology, etc. E. M. Forster never wanted his literary works to be adapted into a film till his last days when he allowed the adaptations. He was worried that the essence of his book will disappear through a translation. Considering how common it is for the reader to not be pleased with the film adaptations of the books in general, A Room With A View has been a huge success in terms of audience reactions. Thanks to the talented screenwriter, the plot has been very faithful to the novel with the method of a traditional translation mostly keeping the details of the literary work, and the director put so much effort so as to keep most of the symbols in the whole book such as indoors and outdoors, or Italy and England, or nature, or music while the work of production design was awarded due to its undeniable effect in the course of the movie rendering the translation at its best. The movie is considered as a quite faithful translation of Forsters book both by critics and the reader. References Canby, Vincent. THE SCREEN: ROOM WITH A VIEW. Nytimes, n.d. Web. 15 Dec. 2016. Forster, E. M. A Room With A View. London: Penguin English Library, 2012. Forster, E. M. Art for Arts Sake. Harpers Magazine (1949): 31-34. Http://www.unz.org/Pub/Harpers-1949aug. Web. 15 Dec. 2016. E.M. Forsters A Room With A View. Dir. James Ivory. Prod. Ismail Merchant. 1985. DVD. Raicu, Elena. A Room with Two Views: An Insight into the 1985 and 2007 Film Adaptations of E. M. Forsters Novel. Raicu, Elena. Presses Universitaires De La Mà ©diterranà ©e, n.d. Web. 21 Dec. 2016. Jakobson, R. (1950). On Linguistic Aspects of Translation. In L. Venuti, (1st ed.), The Translation Studies Reader (pp. 113- 118). New York: Routledge. Sanders, Julie. Adaptation and Appropriation. London: Routledge, 2006.

Essay --

Testing is a way to measure what students have learned from their teachers. Standardized/High-Stakes testing is a tool used to measure the performance of students and the quality of teachers in public school systems. High-Stakes testing is an inaccurate measuring stick of teaching quality and thus is detrimental to the educational system. Pressure is being exerted on students to pass, and teachers to enable their students to pass the standardized tests being presented to them. This takes much classroom time that could be spent instructing students on what might be more valuable information, and instead study for the test by what some consider rote memorization (Silva). Experiments have been done seeing how much different teaching approaches were before and after the implementation of standardized testing (Desimone). These experiments demonstrated how vastly the difference between teaching to the test and teaching what the instructor believes is the most valuable knowledge and the best way to present this knowledge. If there is a disconnect between what America’s teachers believe is best to know, and what is on the examinations, then one of the two is flawed, and it is not likely to be what the teachers are teaching. Students simply do not care about their results on standardized tests. Many students either â€Å"Christmas Tree† (pick random answers, named because people sometimes make shapes) or just select one answer and continue with the same answer the entire way down (Tests that count). Student’s only incentive is that they might move on to the next grade, or that they have to pass to graduate. There are a significant number of students who simply drop out of high school. They can either get a GED or find a job that will sustain ... ...en if say, a parent had died within the past week. That would certainly be jarring enough to grant a pardon to a student. All a university would see, though, is a large F on the transcript. Teachers will neglect students that need the most help to help those who need a slight shove. This is known as â€Å"educational triage† (Booher-Jennings 231). Those on the threshold of passing the state mandated tests are significantly more likely to receive help from instructors than those that are significantly lower than their peers (233). This is to make the district look better as these children are far more likely to pass the test with the extra assistance. This still leaves the ones who were left behind essentially out to dry. If anything, it should be the opposite. The ones who are at the lowest levels should be receiving the most assistance on standardized test preparation.

Bonobo Chimpanzee - 1st Person Essay :: essays research papers

A Day in the Life of a Bonobo Chimp Before I show you the first page in my daily journal I must first give you some insight about my kind, the pygmy chimps, or bonobos, as I prefer to be called. I prefer to be called a bonobo rather than a pygmy chimp, because my kind are not chimpanzees, we are practically humans, 99.6% genetically the same to be exact. So please do not refer to me as a pygmy chimp. Were as far from chimps, as chimps are from gorillas. Here is the lowdown on my fellow bonobos and I. Males and females look just about the same, except for the obvious, which will be talked about much more later in my story. My kind has black hair covering their entire body, excluding face, hands, and feet. Children have a white spot on their tail stub, while elders’ hair gets gray with age (another one of those human characteristics). Though we do share the same long arm, short leg characteristic as our inferior relatives, the chimps, we have a more slender body structure than them. We are much smaller than regula r chimpanzees, where the ignorant name pygmy chimp comes from, about 2  ½ to 3 feet tall, but weigh between 65 and 90 pounds, males weighing more. In a daily meal depending on the season we eat everything from fresh fruit and honey to termites, worms, and even small reptiles and squirrels. When the season gets hot and dry we must eat the stems and roots of plants. From the humans I have talked to I have learned that my kind is endangered, or for all of the idiotic chimpanzees, there aren’t very many of us left. One woman has told me that we are endangered because of our high expectations of living standards. We wouldn’t think of living anywhere besides the secondary tropical lowland rainforests in Zaire. She told me another reason that my kind was endangered was because of something called, â€Å"poaching.† I had no clue what that meant, but after she explained it I was shocked to find that animals other than leopards hunted us. Finally before this female human left I asked her why she wasn’t afraid of me and my kind, and she told me that we seemed much more relaxed than any other animal she has ever seen. I though about this for only a second, and I knew why (told later in the story).

Akeelah and the Bee ( Movie Analysis)

I. Tittle: Akeelah and the Bee II. Setting: Give the general place (for example; the country) and the general time (example; in what period of Akeelah’s life and student life) the story happens. Chensaw Middle School- At the start of the movie. Woodland Hires Middle School- The District Spelling Bee. Sripps National Quiz Bee- It’s in the National Spelling Bee III. Characters each incomplete sentence. 1. Akeelah Anderson- She’s the main character in the story and a good speller. She won the national spelling bee. 2. Dr. Joshua Larabee- He’s the trainer of Akeelah who help her win the contest. . Tanya Anderson- She’s the mother of Akeelah who does not support her at the first time. 4. Mr. Welch- He’s the principal in Chensaw Middle School. 5. Javier Mendez- He’s the first best friend of Akeelah in the Spelling Bee and he is also inlove with her. 6. Dylan Chui- He’s the first competitor of Akeelah. He was also the two years’ 2nd place in the Quiz Bee. 7. Kiana Anderson- She’s the elder sister of Akeelah. She saw the contestant cheating which helped Akeelah to qualify in the top 10. 8. Devon Anderson- He’s the brother of Akeelah and played as coach of Akeelah. 9.Terrence Anderson- He’s the younger brother of Akeelah. 10. Georgia- She’s the best friend of Akeelah. 11. Derrick T. – He’s the Hip Hop boy who help to coach Akeelah. 12. Mr. Chui- He’s the competitive father of Dylan. He always scold his son about winning. IV. Plot A. Exposition or Introduction- The part that Akeelah got the paper with the grade of 100% B. Development or Rising Action- When Akeelah started to join the Spelling Bees. C. Climax- It happened in the National Spelling Bee. D. Denouement or Falling Action- Akeelah and Dylan win the Spelling Bee. E. Ending-It’s where they go back to they’re place with trophy.V. Explain why the lessons in life that you learned from the mov ie about the following: A. Honesty- The moral uprightness or being being fair and truthful. B. Racial Discrimination- It is being full competitive about the fight or competition and you don’t know that your discriminating yourself or the people around you. C. Rapport and camaraderie among students- It’s being friendly to other or the mutual liking to your fellow students and a sense that they understand and shares each other’s concern and having close friendship. D. Self-Confidence- it is having confidence that you have this abilities and you can do that thing.

How does Fallout New Vegas (2010) compare to The Elder Scrolls 3: Morrowind (2002)?

Two games with a release difference of about eight years†¦both being RPGs in their own right and both having similar gameplay†¦the big question is: How does â€Å"Fallout New Vegas† (2010) compare to â€Å"The Elder Scrolls 3: Morrowind† (2002)? (from left to right: Morrowind and Fallout New Vegas) Fallout: New Vegas Review Before early 2009, I had not heard of the Fallout series. I was too busy playing this neat RPG called Morrowind, which is riveting despite the minor issues with AI and combat. Now I have a game in front of me which is fairly recent (came out in Fall 2010), and is surprisingly similar to Morrowind. Of course, the setting is different and you have many more options in gameplay. The story is that you play as a courier who tries to deliver a package from Primm to New Vegas, who gets shot by a fierce raider gang and is saved by an intelligent robot named Victor. Victor takes the player to Doctor Mitchell, where the game begins. Afterwards, you go through the character creation process which allows you to choose your character's gender, facial features, traits and so on†¦ Sigh†¦ A lengthy character creation, don't you think? Back in Morrowind, all you did was choose your race/gender, facial features, class and birthsign. Then, you were out into the game world faster than you could say John Appleseed. Still, you had the option to answer questions for the funny (they could be twins†¦) looking priest (pictured above, left) so he could choose your class (if you REALLY wanted to hear an old man rambling on and on about rude nicknames, mobs and sweet rolls, that is) but†¦oh snap that! Er, nevermind about the length of character generation in both games. The fact is – in both games, there is a character creation process but they are both radically different. Basically sums it up, don't you think? After the character creation, I set out in the lovely Mojave Desert. Just when you set out in the wilderness, you get a second chance to create your character. No, thank you! I spent about 15 minutes choosing my character (yeah, I timed it†¦) and I will not spend another 15 minutes just staring at the screen and constantly asking myself the same question over and over again (â€Å"Is she a perfect character?†). Nah, â€Å"perfect† does not exist in Fallout's books. â€Å"Good enough† is a better phrase for the term. Sorry about the mix-up. Like in Morrowind, you gain levels when you gain enough experience in your skills (some skills include Unarmed and Guns). With every 2 levels, there is a perk which you can choose. For example, you can choose the Rapid Reload perk which allows you to reload your weapons 25% faster than the normal rate. Cool, huh? After leveling up, I decided to spend about half of my allotted time to go and kill some mutant ants. I loved testing the combat system, especially with the VATS. Basically, if you have enough so-called Action Points, you can choose to shoot any part of the body of your victim. Then, prepare to watch as litres of blood come oozing out of their bodies in full HD! Or otherwise†¦you can make a nice cuppa instant coffee with extra foam. Mmm†¦ Morrowind was pretty simples when it came to combat. All you did was use your sword, dagger, hammer, club, spear, spell, staff, shortsword†¦etc†¦ to pummel your enemies. Finally, both games have quests. You can choose either to agree to help people or not. Sometimes you are kinda forced into completing the quest if the quest-giver offers you an enchanted sword or a nice gun prior to completion. Other than that, you are free to do whatever you want in both games. Both games get my rating of: 9.2 (outstanding) Sources: Morrowind images – Google Images/Morrowind Photography Guild/UESP Wiki Fallout New Vegas images – Google Images/Fallout Wikia Words – My own brain 😛 Commentary I chose to reproduce this article because I am interested in gaming and I thought that this has a large variety of linguistic frameworks to discuss. I used a variety of sentence lengths to engage the reader's interest. The one word sentence â€Å"Sigh†¦Ã¢â‚¬  offers a pause after four long sentences with a lack of punctuation. It is also used for rhetoric effect as it is accompanied by a rhetorical question â€Å"A lengthy†¦don't you think?† so it will leave the reader to make up their own mind and involve them in the gameplay. I use game jargon like â€Å"Fall† and â€Å"gameplay† because of the article is in the form of a blog and it shows by using the direct address to engage the reader and the centered pictures with a short subtitle underneath, â€Å"they could be twins†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . This article shows an element of bias as well. I tend to mention the game Morrowind slightly more than the game Fallout New Vegas. This is done purposely because it illustrates my preference for Morrowind compared to the other game. When I am talking about the Fallout game I tend to rush through the summary of the game, using as little punctuation as I could. This is very subtle bias. Even though at the end of the article I give both games the same rating, the true preference goes to Morrowind and therefore I hide the bias by using a variety of linguistic techniques like the aforementioned one. Although, it is implied that I do not really like the Fallout game, my opinion changes when describing the â€Å"VATS† combat system, I use a lot of emotive language and show my utter amazement to the feature, for example the transitive verb â€Å"oozing†. I use the colloquial noun â€Å"cuppa† instead of â€Å"cup of† because it adds humor to the article and also, to create consonance and rhythm between the concrete nouns â€Å"cuppa† and â€Å"coffee†. I used the adjective â€Å"simples† instead of â€Å"simple† as it makes a reference to popular culture. It also adds to the sibilance of the list of weapons which Morrowind has. I added an image below the list to illustrate my point on the variety of weapons which Morrowind had. Finally, I include the list of sources where I have acquired my images. It uses the standard layout and grammar in a sources list until when I say â€Å"Words – from my own brain :P†. This is used for humor and the 😛 emoticon emphasises that I am in tune with colloquial language and modern ways of conversing in an electronic mode text. This contrasts with the headline which looks and reads professionally.